Study on Operational Model of Green Supply Chain (I)

In the 20th century, human society has developed rapidly. As a pillar industry of the national economy, the manufacturing industry has not only created rich material wealth for society, but also consumed a lot of resources and causes environmental pollution. In view of this, some scholars at home and abroad are committed to green manufacturing. Research and application in order to make the most efficient use of resources by the manufacturing industry and the least harm to the environment. In the traditional supply chain, although some enterprises located in key links have developed and implemented strict internal standards for environmental management, their upstream suppliers and downstream distributors do not necessarily follow the same standards, which makes the supply chain environment The lack of systematization and integrity of management can not really achieve the goal of environmental protection. In order to solve this problem, the system and integration ideas are introduced into the green manufacturing and environmental management process, and a green supply chain is proposed.

1 Supply Chain and Supply Chain Operation Reference Model

The Supply Chain Operation Reference model, SCOR model Ganeshan and Hardson define the supply chain as: "The supply chain is a network of facilities and distribution channels that obtain raw materials, convert them into finished products and semi-finished products, and deliver products to customers. Although the complexity of the supply chain varies from industry to industry, the supply chain is common to both service and manufacturing companies."

Supply chain operation reference model (SCOR model) is the most influential and most widely used reference model. It can measure and improve internal and external business processes, and make strategic enterprise management (Strategy Enterprise Management) SEM possible. The model decomposes the supply chain into five processes: planning, material acquisition, manufacturing, delivery, and reverse logistics, where each process can be decomposed into the next level of planning, material acquisition, manufacturing, delivery, and reverse logistics. The same five processes have three levels.

The first level of the SCOR model describes the five basic processes, as shown in Figure 1:   Plan  Plan , Source , Production  Make , Deliver 发 Deliver 和 Return Logistics  Return. It defines the scope and content of the supply chain operation reference model and determines the basis for the company's competitive performance goals. 

The second level of the SCOR model is the configuration layer, which consists of 26 core process types. The third level of the SCOR model is the process decomposition layer, which gives the details of the process elements in the second level of each process category, providing companies with the information needed to successfully plan and set their goals for improving the supply chain.

2 Green Supply Chain and Green Supply Chain Operation Model

The green supply chain is "a modern management model that comprehensively considers environmental impact and resource efficiency throughout the supply chain. It is based on green manufacturing theory and supply chain management technology and involves suppliers, manufacturers, vendors and users. The purpose is to make products from the material acquisition, processing, packaging, warehousing, transportation, use to end of the entire process of disposal, the impact of the impact on the environment î—¥ î—¥ minimum, the highest resource efficiency."

In general, the green supply chain can be seen as the concept of green manufacturing throughout the entire process of the traditional supply chain. Therefore, the idea of ​​green manufacturing can be integrated into the SCOR model of the traditional supply chain, transforming it into a green supply chain. The operating model.

The operation model of the green supply chain, based on the original SCOR model, nests the idea of ​​green manufacturing. It requires the supply chain designer to fully consider the entire lifecycle of the product from the concept formation to the end-of-life of the product. It includes quality, cost, schedule, user requirements, optimal use of resources, and disposal. The production of materials and recycling. The overall supply chain is divided into the procurement of the green supply chain, the manufacturing of the green supply chain, the payment of the green supply chain, and the recycling of the green supply chain. In each link, the requirements of green manufacturing are followed. Manage the entire supply chain as a green system.

3 Analysis of Operational Models of Green Supply Chain

3.1 The procurement of green supply chain

Green procurement is controlled by the source and the entire supply chain has implemented the awareness of preventing environmental pollution and saving energy. In addition, green procurement can meet the public's demand for environmentally-friendly products, while at the same time it can reduce costs as a whole, so green procurement policies and practices can bring economic benefits and competitive advantages to the company. Companies in the green supply chain should design green procurement from the following aspects:

3.1.1 Green Supplier Selection and Management. At this stage, it is necessary to consider whether the materials provided by the supplier are polluting, whether the manufacturing process is clean, whether the transportation process can save energy and other factors. Through communication with suppliers, companies make demands on suppliers' products. The purpose is to reduce the use of materials and reduce waste generation. The greatest degree of concern is given to the efficiency of use of the product and its environmental benefits, and to reduce the damage to the environment as much as possible, so as to achieve a “win-win” for the demand side, customers, and the entire environment.

3.1.2 Implement collaborative procurement. Collaborative procurement refers to the process in which companies and suppliers adjust their plans and deliver deliveries online in real time, based on supply chain information, based on shared inventory and demand information. Vendors can adjust their plans in real time based on real-time inventory, plans, and other information, and can reduce inventory without sacrificing service levels.

3.1.3 JIT order-driven procurement. In the context of supply chain management, procurement activities are conducted in an order-driven manner. The demand for manufacturing orders is driven by the demand orders of users. This JIT (just-in-time production) order-driven approach enables the supply chain system to respond to user needs on time, while reducing inventory costs.

3.2 Green Supply Chain Manufacturing

The manufacturing link of the green supply chain not only includes the manufacturing process, but also begins with the design of the product, including the concepts of large manufacturing, such as material selection, product processing, logistics design and packaging design, and product disassembly.

3.2.1 Green Design 7. Green design  green design  encompasses the entire life cycle of products from conceptual design to manufacturing, use and even post-abandoment recycling, reuse, and disposal. Green design examines the entire life cycle of products from the perspective of sustainable development and emphasizes In the development phase, systematic analysis and evaluation are carried out according to the life cycle perspective, to eliminate the potential negative impact on the environment, and to directly introduce 3Rreduce,reuse,recycleinto the product development stage; green design promotes waste-free design. The green design based on the green supply chain should be based on the company's own green design, communicate with suppliers and distributors and other partner companies. Consider the green of the product life cycle from the overall perspective of the product concept formation and design. Chemical issues (including supplier's raw material supply and delivery; manufacturer's raw material selection, product production; distributors' sales and waste recycling, reuse, etc.) to achieve a win-win situation in the entire green supply chain.

3.2.2 The choice of green materials. Green material is a relative concept and it is still in the process of continuous development and improvement. The green materials mainly include the advanced nature of the materials, high-quality materials with low energy consumption, safety in the production process, low noise, no pollution, rationality of material use, savings, recyclability, and modernization Engineering requirements and so on. The selection of green product materials requires that the environmental factors and the engineering properties of the materials (manufacturability, reliability, maintainability, etc.) be jointly used as targets for selection, so that the products not only have excellent predetermined functions, but also contribute to environmental protection and ecological environment.

3.2.3 Cleaner production. Cleaner production itself is a process of continuous improvement. It requires companies to timely propose updated targets along with economic development and technological advancement, and require that environmental protection and greenness be considered everywhere in business management. This idea can be summed up as the "5R" principle, that is, research, research, environmental protection included in the decision-making factors of enterprises, and emphasis on the research of the company's environmental countermeasures; 2 消Reduce Reduce , adopt new technologies, new processes, , Reduce or eliminate the emission of hazardous wastes; 3. Redevelop Reuse, change traditional products into environmentally friendly products, and actively adopt the “green mark”; 4.  Recycle ,, recycling waste products, recycling            sc sc sc sc sc Rescue                       .

(to be continued)