Sanding technology is a processing technology widely used by large and small enterprises in the wood processing, furniture and building decoration industries. It is not only used for thickening of wood-based panels and solid wood components, but also for veneers and paint films. Fine sanding, to achieve product quality, decorative effects and product grades and cost savings.
There are many different types of machinery used for sanding. Plate sanding often uses long belt sanders and wide belt sanders. The long belt sander can be further divided into a long belt sander with a sliding table and a manual pressure block (Fig. 1) and a long belt sander with a pressure block and a felt rib belt (Fig. 2). The sanding workpiece of the former can be moved on a worktable with a guide rail, and the hand operated operating rod applies pressure to the pressure block, and the abrasive belt sands the workpiece under the action of the pressure block. The sanding machine has a simple structure and low investment cost. Sanding the parts of large-size solid wood boards or wood-based board veneers, and obtaining a good surface sanding effect under the operation of skilled workers. 2 is a modified version of FIG. 1 in which a pneumatic pressure pad is used instead of a manual pressure plate that moves in the cutting direction, and the pressure pad covers the entire width of the workpiece, but when the contact surface of the belt and the workpiece is too large, power consumption is increased. Moreover, a large amount of wood chips tend to adhere to the abrasive belt during sanding, and the abrasive belt is easy to generate heat, thereby shortening the service life of the abrasive belt, and the felt rib strips as shown in the figure can overcome the above defects and improve the sanding quality.
There is also a multi-axis clamp type long belt sander (Fig. 3), which is suitable for sanding of hollow plate parts, and can obtain a better sanding effect even if the surface of the hollow plate piece is slightly uneven.
The wide belt sander (Fig. 4) has four basic combination models. Figure a is a single belt wide belt sander with contact rollers (mostly steel rollers). It is mainly used for workpiece thickness sanding and knife cutting. Large sanding processing, Figure b is a single belt wide belt sander with pressure pad, the pressure roller is mostly rubber roller, mainly used for sanding the surface of the panel; Figure c is a double belt wide belt sander There are three ways of setting during processing: 1 using only the first set of contact rolls, 2 using the second set of pressure pad rolls, and 3 contact rolls and pressure pad rolls simultaneously. Therefore, when the machine is equipped with different sizes of abrasive belts, the workpiece can be thickened and surface fine sand at the same time; Figure d is a three-belt wide belt sander with three different sets of abrasive belts, which can be used to set the workpiece. Thick sanding, and can be used for the roughing and fine sand of the veneer veneer or paint film to achieve the purpose of multi-purpose.
The above-mentioned several wide-band sanders are of the upper sand type, and there are also sanding type and sanding lines suitable for mass production.
The thickness of the traditional veneer veneer is generally between 0.5 and 0.6 mm. Only such a thickness can ensure the high precision fine sanding and high quality surface treatment requirements in terms of process. However, today's timber resources are becoming increasingly scarce, and the demand for wood veneers in the furniture and decoration industry is increasing. Therefore, people are increasingly using 0.2-0.4mm meager wood veneers. To ensure the quality of veneer veneer, one is to improve the veneering process, and the other is to have higher sanding technology requirements, so a "key-key" wide belt sander (segmented girder) is developed and utilized. (Fig. 5), and the CPS electronic control technology (tunable precision pressure system) is set to further overcome the “absolute egalitarianism†of the segmented girder in terms of sanding pressure, electronically controlled precision pressure system. (CPS electronic pressure beam) With the precision detection device, it can accurately and evenly sand the workpieces of different shapes, sizes and materials. In particular, it has outstanding advantages for workpieces that have been difficult to be sanded in the past and workpieces that are not suitable for sanding on wide belt sanders. For example, veneer veneer workpieces with solid edge banding, workpieces with edge-to-edge joints, workpieces with spliced ​​tape on the edge of the veneer on the veneer, workpieces with thin wood and workpieces with high-grade paint finishes, etc. The high-precision sanding can be obtained by the precise pressure regulation (stepless pressure regulation) of the CPS technology, so that the problem that the existing single board is sanded is completely solved. And as long as the thickness tolerance is less than 2mm (whether the same workpiece or multiple workpieces), accurate high-quality sanding can be performed on one sander at the same time, which plays the role and effect of multiple "narrowband" side by side. Thereby greatly improving the function and flexibility of the sander, which is well adapted to the characteristics and requirements of small batch and multi-variety production.
For some simple profile sanding, a long belt sander can also be used to machine the shaped clamps (Figure 6). The sanding of the edge of the workpiece can be sanded by the “vertical oscillating sander†(Fig. 7) with the belt vibrating up and down. The workpiece can be processed by the “vertical sanding machine†shown in Figure 8. The vertical sanding machine can set a set of vertical profiled sand rollers according to the shape of the workpiece to be used for sanding various types of edge parts. The inner arc surface of the curved workpiece can be sanded by a “Vertical Sand Mill†(Fig. 9). For some workpieces that are not suitable for sanding machining, hand-held oscillating sanders can also be used. Some local sanding with complex lines has to be hand polished.
How to choose sanding machinery and sanding technology has great influence on the production efficiency and product quality of enterprises. Enterprises must carefully and rationally choose according to their own characteristics, scale, processing tasks, workpiece conditions, production capacity and economic conditions. Really achieve the purpose of improving product quality, product quality, and reducing costs.
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