Solid wood flooring is the ground decoration material that is formed after the wood is dried and processed. It has the characteristics of natural pattern, comfortable foot and safe use. It is an ideal material for floor decoration in bedroom, living room and study room. The decorative style of solid wood returns to the original, the texture is natural, and the forest coverage is declining. Today, the environmental protection is vigorously promoted, and the solid wood flooring is more precious. The solid wood flooring is divided into three grades: AA grade, A grade and B grade. The quality of AA grade is the highest.
The standard for solid wood flooring is GB/T15306-2001. The standard was implemented on May 1, 2002, and the original 94 standard was replaced at the same time. The new national standard has made important revisions and additions to the old national standard. Mainly to modify the contents of some sizes and defects, supplement the specifications of the applicable tree species and the requirements for the paint board. At the same time, the requirements for the impact hardness and wear resistance of wood are eliminated.
In the past, the name of the market was confusing, the name was bizarre, and even the fake and shoddy mixed, what kind of golden silk pomelo, gold does not change, rich wood, so that customers are difficult to distinguish, good or bad. Therefore, the new standard must be strictly stated and specified in the form of an appendix. The sales report shall be subject to the test report issued by the authoritative department.
1. The main tree species of solid wood flooring
Due to the different materials, solid wood flooring has a large difference in hardness, natural color and texture. Generally, there are the following:
æ§²æ Ž (柞木), rosewood, heavy ant wood (Ibe), borneol fragrant (Hawthorn) fragrant two-winged bean, Gamba pair, Baodi bean, Pontianak iron shovel (ironwood), sapwood and so on.
Medium: teak, merbau (pineapple), medlar (baro), fragrant tea (musk).
Soft: ash, birch.
Light color: Cyclobalanopsis gland (beech), birch, and sapwood.
Middle color: æ§²æ Ž, ash, 娑罗, fragrant tea.
Dark: teak, merbau, heavy ant wood, fragrant two-winged beans, wood pods (pinkadu).
Rough grain: teak, alfalfa, gamut bean, ash.
Fine lines: Cyclobalanopsis, birch.
2. Moisture content of solid wood flooring
The water contained in the wood has three forms, one is water present in the cell cavity and the intercellular space, that is, the water present in the capillary, called free water. The second type is water absorbed by the cell wall, called adsorbed water. The third type is water that constitutes cell tissue, called chemical water.
When the moisture of the moist wood evaporates, the first thing that is lost is free water. When the free water is evaporated and the water is still saturated, the water content is called the fiber saturation point moisture content.
The fiber saturation point is the turning point of wood properties. Above the fiber saturation point, the strength of the wood is constant and does not change with the change of water content. At the same time, the wood does not change in volume. When the water content falls below the fiber saturation point, that is, when the adsorbed water in the cell wall begins to evaporate, the strength increases as the water content decreases, and the phenomenon of swelling and shrinkage is also apparent. The water content of different wood fiber saturation points is between 22% and 33%.
Humidity and temperature in various parts of nature are relatively stable in different seasons. The wood is in this relative temperature and humidity environment for a long time, and its water content will reach a relatively constant. The water content at this time is called the equilibrium moisture content (for example, the annual equilibrium moisture content in Shanghai is 4.6%).
The equilibrium moisture content of wood varies with the temperature and humidity of the environment in which it is exposed. When there is a difference between the equilibrium moisture content and the ambient humidity, it tends to approach the environment. This creates a phenomenon of swelling and shrinkage of the wood, which is a peculiar physical phenomenon of wood.
Wood is an anisotropic body. The moisture content of wood in actual use is below the fiber saturation point, so the gain and loss of water is mainly the adsorption water of the cell wall. Most of the wood cells grow vertically, and their expansion and contraction are perpendicular to the cell wall. As a floor, we can find that there is generally no expansion and contraction in the longitudinal direction, and the expansion and contraction rate in the width direction is generally 3% to 6% (refers to the change of wood moisture content below the water content of the fiber saturation point).
It can be seen that it is very important to control the moisture content of the floor. Not only must we pay attention to it in production, we should pay more attention to it during laying, and we should not let the floor be deformed by moisture.
3. Dry balance treatment of solid wood flooring
purpose
(1) The equilibrium moisture content that meets the specified environmental characteristics of the area of ​​use.
(2) Eliminate the internal stresses that are present and generated during the growth and processing of wood.
(3) Adjust and restore deformation.
Since the annual equilibrium moisture content in Shanghai is 15.6%, the moisture content of the floor used in Shanghai should be controlled at 10% to 14%.
process
(1) Naturally drying, it takes about 30 to 40 days to make the water content reach about 30%.
(2) Artificial drying takes about 10 to 30 days to make the water content below 10%. At the same time, the slurry in the wood is distilled out to balance the cell wall structure, and the shrinkage performance tends to be stable.
(3) Rehabilitation treatment takes about 10 to 20 days. Through this process, the three purposes of wood drying are finally achieved.
The dry balance treatment is a so-called heat treatment. The length of this treatment will vary from material to material, but it cannot be shortened artificially. There is a misconception in sales that the heat-treated floor is “never deformedâ€. In fact, this is impossible. Regardless of the treatment, the swelling and shrinkage of the wood at the water content below the saturation point of the fiber is inevitable.
4. Reasons for solid wood floor deformation
Generally speaking, there are more phenomena in the use of the floor in the form of tiles or arches. This is because the floor is damp. The reasons for the dampness of the floor are as follows:
(1) Moisture in the air (for example, Huangmeitian).
(2) The floor is not dry, and the keel is reinforced with cement.
(3) The keel, the floor is too wet.
(4) Use water-based glue.
(5) The damp environment such as the first floor is not specially treated for moisture.
(6) The section where the stone floor and the floor meet are not closed.
(7) Blisters (such as water pipes rupture, balcony water reflow, etc.).
In addition, the product itself and improper construction will also cause arching. For example, improper drying treatment, inadequate health, low water content, shallow back groove, insufficient expansion gap in construction, and too tight laying.
5. Solid wood floor laying and maintenance points
(1) The floor should be laid in the later stage of construction and should not be cross-constructed. It should be sanded and painted as soon as possible after laying. So as not to soil the floor or deform the moisture.
(2) Before laying the floor, it is advisable to unpack and stack it on the paving site for 1-2 days to adapt it to the environment, so as to avoid expansion and contraction after laying.
(3) The paving should be well protected against moisture, especially in the case of wet conditions such as the bottom layer. Moisture-proof measures include applying moisture-proof paint, paving moisture-proof film, using padding treasure, and so on.
(4) The keel should be flat and firm, and should not be reinforced with cement. It is best to use expansion bolts and US nails.
(5) The keel should be made of larch and Liuan with strong nail holding power. The moisture content of the keel or wool floor should be close to the moisture content of the floor. The keel spacing should not be too large, generally not more than 30 cm. The ends of the floor should be placed on the keel, and should not be left empty, and nails must be nailed on each keel. Do not use water based glue.
(6) The floor should not be laid too tightly. There should be enough expansion joints (0.5~1.2 cm) around it, and it should not be over-widely laid. If it is wider, it should be separated and cut, and then the copper strips should be transitioned.
(7) Floors and halls, toilets, kitchen rooms, etc. should be thoroughly isolated and protected from moisture.
(8) The chromatic aberration of the floor is inevitable. If there is a high requirement for chromatic aberration, it can be pre-sorted and adopt a gradual transition method to reduce the visual abrupt change.
(9) Avoid flushing with water during use, avoid long-term sun exposure, continuous air blow of air conditioner, prevent rain forest at the window, and avoid hard objects from rubbing. To protect the floor, wax can be applied to the painted surface (from the perspective of protecting the floor, waxing is better than painting).
6. Advantages of solid wood flooring
1) Sound insulation
Solid wood flooring is hard, dense wood fiber structure, low thermal conductivity, blocking sound and hot air, better than cement, ceramic tile and steel.
2) Adjust the humidity
The wood characteristics of solid wood flooring are that the climate is dry and the moisture inside the wood is released; when the climate is humid, the wood absorbs moisture from the air. The wooden floor adjusts the humidity of the room air to the most comfortable level of the human body by absorbing and releasing moisture. Scientific research shows that long-term living in wooden houses can extend the life expectancy by an average of 10 years.
3) Warm in winter and cool in summer
In winter, the surface temperature of solid wood flooring is 8°C~10°C higher than the temperature of the tile surface. People walk on the wooden floor without cold feeling; in summer, the temperature of the solid wood floor is 2°C lower than the temperature of the tiled room. 3 ° C.
4) Green is harmless
The solid wood flooring is taken from the original forest and is coated with non-volatile wear-resistant paint. It is green and harmless from the material to the paint surface. It is not like the tile has radiation, nor the formaldehyde on the laminate floor. It is the only natural green and harmless. Ground building materials.
5) Gorgeous and noble
The solid wood floor is made of high-grade hardwood material. The wood grain is beautiful and elegant. It is the first choice for middle and high-end income families.
6) Durable
The vast majority of solid wood flooring, hard material, strong anti-corrosion and anti-cracking, normal use, life expectancy can last for decades or even hundreds of years.
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