In spite of this, based on the electronics industry revolution over the past decade or so, modern graphic printing technology has also undergone earth-shaking changes to meet the needs of the market climate, including: (1) short production cycle; (2) printing on demand ( (3) a larger proportion of short-lived (ie, small quantity and piecemeal); (4) customers and graphic printing companies (such as Fuyunda). ) Closer cooperation. Note: Thanks to the development and prevalence of stylish design and typesetting software (such as Adobe's Pagemaker typesetting software and Photoshop's image processing software), customers now know and understand the pre-press layout work better than before. Many market public relations departments of large multinational companies have staff responsible for design and typesetting tasks.
Most of these reforms use high-tech electronics and computer technology to make the process more intuitive and accessible, simplify the production process, greatly shorten the production cycle, reduce the labor and economic costs, and control the quality more accurately. Printing visual and texture effects can also be achieved.
Factors affecting the effect and price of prints:
In addition to production and quality control processes, the factors listed below can have a significant impact on the cost of production and the ultimate effect of any print, while the customer is the ultimate decision maker of these factors:
(1) Print media materials (usually paper) ---- This relates to visual, texture, and printing methods;
(2) The size of the print --- related to the media material specification (such as paper);
(3) Content combination requirements --- simple layout or complex grouping;
(4) Color and ink --- black and white, color, whether separation is needed. Ordinary ink, light ink or special ink such as gold, silver, fluorescent and other ink;
(5) Printing methods—offset printing, letterpress printing, gravure printing, screen printing, stupid ammonia printing, digital printing, electrostatic laser printing, inkjet printing, etc.;
(6) Binding method --- hot melt binding, saddle stitching, thread binding, hardcover, etc.;
(7) Quantity ----- Paper printing is usually printed in thousands, and in small quantities in hundred.
Of course, the amount of printing required by customers directly affects the feasibility of other six options and the economic cost of manufacturing, but after all, at a reasonable amount of printing, the quantity will not have too much effect on the final effect of the printed matter. Let us briefly look at the other six elements:
(a) Print media
Graphic printing production process, the choice of print media is a very important part. The printing effect and cost of printed products will also be affected by the printing method and the printed media used. Therefore, basic knowledge of the printed media should be obtained.
There are a wide variety of print media, the most common of which are paper and cardboard, followed by cloth, fiber materials, plastic sheets (films), metal skins, and the surface of a wide variety of common electrical appliances.
At present, the media used in printing is mainly paper. Various kinds of papers have their own uses, and there are many kinds of papers, including "copper paper" (commonly known as "powder paper") which is commonly used in high-end color printing. It is a chemically coated paper that is pressurized by rollers. The surface is extremely smooth and shiny. , it is generally also known as "light coated paper."
The surface of glossy coated paper can be treated with extra processing to obtain a very smooth but no gloss effect. It is called "dull coated paper" (commonly known as "dumb paper") and is suitable for fine dot printing.
The classification of paper is generally divided into the following points: (1) paper quality; (2) weight; (3) paper size and; (4) use. The names of papers are often named after their use; in addition to coated paper, there are book paper, full-book paper, newsprint paper, cardboard, book cover paper, and special-grained paper (such as the British “Ganggu†paper). The weight range used depends on the application, from the thinnest 45 gsm (grams per square meter) of onion paper to 300 gsm thick paperboard. Commonly used color printing sheets, the weight of 128gsm or 157gsm, black and white printing 80gsm to 128gsm, letterhead weight 70gsm to 120gsm, envelope paper weight 100gsm to 160gsm, and business card paper 160gsm to 250gsm. The paper weight of a printed book is usually slightly lighter than a printed leaflet.
The choice of paper affects printing methods, inks, and other post-printing processes, including the cost of delivery of printed materials.
(b) Print size
The size and thickness of printed products directly affect the appearance, production process and production methods. In a larger number of tasks, the choice of materials should be as close as possible to the size of the finished product, so as not to waste material (paper) and incur additional processes.
(III) Content Combination (platemaking) Requirements
The selection of images, the use of fonts, and the arrangement and combination of graphics and texts will affect the visual appearance, theme awareness, and overall communication effects of the final print.
How to select and combine the elements of the above print content depends on the information that the customer wishes to deliver to the audience through print and the expected communication results, and the art of communication provided by the designer.
(d) Colors and Ink
There are roughly two ways to express the desired color with printing inks: (1) Use the basic four-color ink of printing color, mix dot and overlap printing, and make the desired color tone; (2) Mixed printing ink, use Color printing, expressing color with solid colors or dots. The two methods are different in the design of printing, the designation of color, or the method of making plates. In principle, color printing uses four basic colors - yellow YELLOW, MAGENTA, CYAN, and BLACK, to create overwhelming colors. Therefore, the color print faithfully reproduces the hue of a color print by color separation and four-color overlapping reduction. However, some special colors such as gold, silver, and fluorescent colors cannot be composed of basic four-color inks, but must be printed with spot inks.
In monochrome prints, in addition to the deepest field and white, different shades of gray can be used to create different shades of gray (halftone) to express the image hierarchy. Multi-color printing is better than monochrome, but proper use and designation are needed to get the desired results. When designing, you should find some standard color overlay guides as references, and use appropriate dots to increase the color. The change.
The ink on the print can be expressed by the proportion of each basic dot in the “Four Color Mixing Chartâ€. However, different types of inks, media, printing methods, and production equipment may print different “four-color mixing tablesâ€. Therefore, it is necessary to have a standard and professional method to develop a “four-color mixing table†or “color markâ€. As a recognized reference standard, so that everyone can accurately communicate the printed ink through a unified color language.
PANTONE(R) USA is an expert in the development of the “Color Marking System†and offers a variety of four-color, six-color, and spot-colored “color labels†manuals printed in different media for the best in the printing industry.
(5) Printing methods
In addition to selecting the appropriate print media (paper) and ink, the final effect of the printed matter needs to be accomplished through appropriate printing methods.
There are many types of printing, methods are different, operations are different, and costs and effects are also different. The currently used printing methods can be mainly divided into four categories: letterpress printing, gravure printing, lithographic printing, and stencil printing: (1) Letterpress printing, printing over non-imprinting printing, (2) gravure printing, and embossing printing on the layout (3) lithographic printing No embossed or recessed (4) aperture plate printing, ink through the hole of the imprint
Since the invention of woodblock movable type printing technology in China, the printing method has been changing all the time. The most commonly used industrial printing methods today are:
Offset printing (also known as Offset printing)
A type of lithographic printing, which can restore the color, contrast, and gradation of an original document with high accuracy, is the most common paper printing method at present. Applicable to posters, profiles, brochures, newspapers, packaging, books, magazines, calendars, and other related color prints.
2. Letterpress printing
One type of letterpress printing technology is generally adopted when there are many characters, there are few photos and pictures, there is a large chance of changing the text, and the number of printed products is small. It is suitable for printing small batch tasks such as invitation cards, business cards, labels, and small packaging boxes. Traditional serial number printing and small trademark overprinting are done in letterpress mode.
3. Screen printing
One of the stencil printing technologies, the printing ink is particularly thick, and the most appropriate printing of special effects is made. It is particularly suitable if the amount is small and the ink needs concentration. It can also be printed on the three-dimensional surface, such as square boxes, boxes, round bottles, cans and so on. In addition to paper, printed cloth, plastic fabrics, plywood, films, metal sheets, glass, etc. can also be printed. Common new products include banners, banners, T-shirts, corrugated cartons, soda bottles, and circuit boards. The flexibility of screen printing is unmatched by other printing methods.
4. Rubber printing
A type of letterpress printing that applies only to printed plastic bags, labels, and size plastic packages. Usually the medium for the input of a rubber plate press is a package rather than a single sheet, which is cut one by one after printing. The fineness of printing dots and lines is far less than that of offset printing and letterpress printing, and it cannot be used to print book publications.
5. Gravure printing
Suitable for printing high-quality and high-value prints, whether color or black and white pictures, gravure printing effects can be comparable with photographic photos. Due to the high cost of platemaking and the large quantity of prints, it is also one of the less commonly used methods. Applicable to print securities, stocks, gift certificates, commercial credit certificates or stationery.
The rapid development of science and technology, today we can use computers to print directly on the media using some of the above printing methods. With the development of electrostatic imaging and laser technology, the “on-demand printing†required for high quality in small batches can be realized.
(6) Bookbinding method
The definition of binding is to connect the printed books in a sequential order to make them sturdy, beautiful, easy to read and save. The binding also includes many other processes after the printing of the printed product, such as hot stamping, embossing, die cutting, moon-cutting, filleting, crimping, attaching stickers, punching and other work.
To produce product description books, advertisement brochures, and annual reports, customers must consider the purpose, content, number of pages, paper quality, weight, size, and thickness.
If you have a certain understanding of the binding method, you can do more with less in the design layout.
The most common binding methods in the office include staple (stapler) binding, apron binding, iron ring binding, (folding) loose-leaf ring mounting, slide rail (rubber clip) binding, and hot-melt case binding. The more serious documents can be taped using hot melt glue or a bookbinding method using a hardcover bookcase for the front and back covers.
A large number of industrial binding methods are available for saddle stitching, wireless hot melt glue binding, stitching (lock stitching) binding and hardcover bookcase hardcover (such as large dictionaries, encyclopedias, etc.).
Since binding is the final process of graphic printing, which affects the appearance of printed products, it is necessary to carefully select the binding method and materials, and strictly control the quality of production so that the final mistake will not be the result of all the previous processes. The same content, different cover production and binding methods produce different results. Of course, if you can closely communicate with and cooperate with suppliers, establish work tacit understanding and clear cooperation relationship, you will be more assured of obtaining the expected quality of printed materials and reduce production costs. However, the following common problems should be avoided:
(1) The printed matter is not urgently printed;
(2) The printed manuscript is not completely printed and printed;
(3) Always demand that the lower the price, the better;
(4) It is not always possible to send manuscripts at one time due to the dragging and watering of manuscripts;
(5) Freely modify the original at any time.