According to the American Physicists Organization Network, recently, the US Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and researchers at the University of Stuttgart in Germany have developed the world's first three-dimensional plasma scale that can measure macromolecular systems in three-dimensional space at the nanoscale Structure. The scale helps scientists to measure the role of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and enzymes, protein folding, peptide movement, cell membrane vibration, etc. with unprecedented accuracy in the study of the key dynamics of biology. The research paper was published in the latest issue of Science.
As electronic devices and biological research objects become smaller, people need an accurate tool that can measure small distances and structural changes. Previously, there was a plasma scale, which was a linear scale developed based on electron surface waves (also called "plasma"). This plasma or surface wave occurs when light passes through the defined dimensions or structure of precious metals, such as gold or silver nanoparticles. However, the current plasma scale can only measure one-dimensional distance and length, and there are still great limitations in measuring the interaction process of three-dimensional biomolecules and soft substances. Among them, plasma resonance is weakened due to radiation attenuation, and the spectrum generated by simple coupling between multiple particles Blurred, it is difficult to convert to distance.
The new three-dimensional plasma scale overcomes the above difficulties. The three-dimensional plasma scale is composed of five gold nanorods, one of which is vertically placed between two other pairs of parallel nanorods to form a double-layer H-shaped structure. The vertical nanorods and two pairs of parallel nanorods will form a strong coupling, preventing radiation attenuation, causing two obvious quadrupole resonances, which can produce a high-resolution plasma spectrum. Any structural changes in the scale will produce significant changes in the spectrum. In addition, the length and direction of the five metal rods can be independently controlled, and their degrees of freedom can also distinguish the importance of the direction and structural changes.
The researchers also produced a series of samples using high-precision electron beam lithography and laminated nanotechnology. The three-dimensional plasma scale was placed in an insulating medium of glass and embedded in the sample for measurement. The experimental results were highly consistent with the calculated data. Compared with other molecular scales, this three-dimensional plasma scale is based on chemical dyes and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. It does not flicker and does not cause photo-fading. It has high light stability and brightness.
Speaking of application prospects, the research leader and Berkeley Lab head Paul Elviset said that this three-dimensional plasma scale is a converter that can be attached to multiple sites on the DNA or RNA chain. Or put them in different positions of proteins and peptides, reproduce the complete structure and biological processes of complex macromolecules, and track the dynamic evolution of these processes.
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