Research and Analysis on the Development Countermeasures of China's Sporting Goods Industry Date:2015-01-12 15:58
The sporting goods industry is a hybrid industry. It spans light industry, textiles, chemical weapons, and other industrial fields. The scale and status quo of industrial properties of different sub-industries vary depending on the factors of production.
For example, the sportswear sports shoes industry has a relatively large scale and is a labor-intensive industry. It has strong competitiveness and sports equipment is smaller and more complex. The ball making industry is a labor-intensive industry, and it has a strong competitive edge. Rowing racing glider bowling Such as manufacturing is a technology-intensive industry, the competitiveness is weak.
Faced with the situation and challenges faced by the entire industry after the passage of the world, Shenren analyzes the status quo of China's sporting goods industry, discusses its development prospects and countermeasures, and is of great significance to the development of the sporting goods industry in China.
The status quo of the sporting goods industry in China and the current situation of the industry with big problems but not strong The annual survey of the world sporting goods industry commissioned by the World Federation of Sporting Goods has revealed that China is a reliable base for the world's sporting goods manufacturers, and it is truly a world sport. China supplies a large number of manufacturing countries already have more than the share of the production of sporting goods However, the world's largest manufacturer of sporting goods, but it is not a strong country.
According to customs statistics, China's sporting goods export volume was 45.
Billions of U.S. dollars, billion U.S. dollars, annual growth rate of more than seven billion U.S. dollars per year.
Despite the rapid growth in exports, about 50 genera are processed, which are general trades. Exports to domestic brands are extremely rare. The export dependence of products is very high. For a long time, the products we export are sports shoes, sportswear, etc. The main products of popularization are the most sophisticated products with high technology content. The average export price is less than one-tenth of the world's famous brands, and only a few processing fees are earned. Take sports shoes for example. Profitable dollars cost US dollars for Taiwan's fitness equipment, foreign market sales are priced at US dollars, and we can only charge US dollar processing fees far below commercial profits.
Although China's sporting goods industry has a long history of development, the real development and growth are still after the reform and opening up.
In the 1980s, developed countries and regions in the world adjusted the multi-layered global industrial structure of the sporting goods industry due to labor energy, environmental protection and other issues, and shifted some labor-intensive industries outward. A large number of Sino-foreign joint ventures and private enterprises were wholly foreign-owned. Enterprises have settled in the coastal areas of Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other provinces.
In the new year, only in Taiwan, the date of the manuscript was 2 years old. The author's brief introduction Xie Yubao, a male, Wuhu, Anhui, associate professor, mainly engaged in the study of sports theory. The sports science moon zone set up factories on the mainland.
These enterprises have injected vitality into the management of capital materials and equipment for the development of China's sports industry.
However, we mainly accept mid- and low-end products such as sportswear, shoe-making, and ball fitness equipment. Most of them are processing-oriented SMEs, with a large number of companies and small scale.
For example, in Pengshi Village of Shishi, Fujian, there are more than 0 small and medium-sized enterprises producing various kinds of sportswear. The enterprises producing sports shoes in Jinjiang, Fujian Province, have reached an annual output value of approximately 3 billion yuan.
Some large-scale state-owned enterprises, such as the Shanghai Double Happiness Group, are old state-owned enterprises, with heavy internal burdens, aging management, outdated ideas, weak market awareness, and corporate profits have been sluggish. Labor productivity is low, and the quality of the product is low in technical content. It does not exert its scale efficiency.
We can only rely on low labor costs and have certain advantages in the middle of product production. We are at a disadvantage in product R&D marketing and there is a big gap between them.
In the environment of global economic integration, the profit of intermediate links in production is the lowest, and profits are mainly concentrated in R&D marketing.
The multi-headed chaotic market sports goods have many types of miscellaneous items, ranging from car sailing, to small-scale needle firing, and only to light industry industries such as food and beverage leather feathers, daily-use machinery and sports goods, etc. There is China Association of Culture, Sports and Sports Products, Sports Equipment, China Knitting Industry Association (Sports Clothing, Protective Equipment, etc. China Leather Industry Association, various kinds of ball and other China Shoes Industry Association (sports shoes and other China Rubber Industry Association (soled rubber shoes and other Chinese Bicycle Association. Mountain road bicycles and other Chinese watch associations stopwatch and other Chinese beverage industry associations (sports beverages and automobile weapons and shipbuilding and other industrial associations.
These trade associations have their leading products under management. For their leading products, sportswear accounts for a relatively small proportion and their emphasis is also limited.
All industries have a certain degree of difficulty in the management of sporting goods, because the consumers of sporting goods are mainly engaged in sports, and ultimately they must be used in sports practice. Sports have special requirements for their products, especially for competitive competitions. The sporting goods have their own special standards and strict regulations, and some regulations are constantly changing along with the development of sporting events and the revision of rules, and it is difficult for other industries to grasp and adapt to such changes in a timely manner.
The State Council stipulates in the notice issued by the National Sports Commission that it has published the functions, internal organs and staffing plans of the State Sports Commission. The State General Administration of Sport shall study and formulate policies and regulations for sports economy and business activities, and the centralized management of the sports market shall be the sporting goods industry standard (industry standard code). ) The individual sports associations of the centralized management department must identify the equipment they use for competition before they can be formally used in the competition.
The regulations and policies formulated by the General Administration of Sports and various special sports associations and the revision of sports rules directly affect the production and sales of sporting goods.
The ping-pong ball has been changed to a big ball, and the national fitness track has been promoted nationwide.
The former State Sports Commission established the Sports Equipment Approval Committee to promulgate and implement the “Sports Equipment and Equipment Verification Regulations. Following the establishment of the National Sports Commission’s Quality Equipment Testing Center, the National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center officially authorized the establishment of the National Sports Goods Quality Supervision and Inspection Center. The quality supervision and management of sporting goods, but at the same time, according to the actual situation in China, the State Administration of Light Industry Bureau supplies quality supervision and inspection center as a professional quality supervision and management agency, responsible for the quality supervision and management of light industry articles and sports goods.
However, in addition to national standards, China’s current sporting goods standards, in addition to the national standards, are the standards for the light industry (led by the former State Sports Commission, the Chinese Knitwear Industry Association, and the China Knitting Industry Association, etc. The Ministry approved the establishment of the China Sporting Goods Federation, and joined the World Federation of Sporting Goods on the occasion of the year, month, and day. It implemented the industry management for various sub-sectors of sporting goods, formulated industry development plans, and formulated rules and regulations to coordinate the relations between enterprises and domestic In terms of international exchanges and cooperation, China Sporting Goods Federation needs to do a lot of work.
China's current sporting goods market is still not mature enough, the market order is relatively chaotic, the market operation is not standardized, the local protection against unfair competition is serious, a large number of counterfeit and shoddy products flood the market, the market is in disorderly competition, the competition is fierce, and the export is competing against prices. exist.
The sportswear produced by Fujian Shishi includes the team uniforms of well-known sports teams at home and abroad. The sports shoes produced by Jinjiang include non-standard non-standard equipment produced in various famous brands such as Hebei Zhangzhou and Jiangsu Taizhou, which are sold throughout the country.
Casually visiting domestic high schools, open-air parallel bars, there is at least one basic size is different from all over the country produced counterfeit trains basket full three balls, not less than Shanghai United Ball Corporation and Shanghai International Ball Factory production.
Purifying the market, cracking down on counterfeit and shoddy goods, and establishing a reasonable and orderly market for sporting goods are still a long way off in our country.
Low level of product standardization Standardization is the basis of modern production technology, an important part of modern management, a condition for improving product quality, promoting technological progress, and improving economic efficiency. It is a means of promoting international economic and technological exchanges.
At present, China has a low degree of standardization of sporting goods. There are only one national standard (national mandatory standards or national recommended standards). Industry-standard light industry compulsory standards or light industry recommendations are mostly accompanied by so-called age standards. low.
Of the more than 60 types of sports equipment and equipment produced, only 29 were approved by international sports organizations for use in official competitions. Among the kinds of equipment used in the annual World Gymnastics Championships, domestic equipment is only available. Current foreign enterprise standards are higher than industry standards. National standards, and China happens to be inverted, the national standard is higher than the industry standard enterprise standards.
Relying on standards to improve product market competitiveness has become an important means of international trade.
With the widespread use of new technologies and materials in the production of sporting goods, changes in the rules of sports have become more frequent and the standards for sporting goods have been updated more quickly. Some countries have taken into consideration the interests of their own countries and are based on the Uruguay Round’s basic principle concerning trade in goods. With the gradual removal of tariff barriers and the gradual cancellation of non-tariff barriers such as product quota licenses, various countries have tried to resolve the imbalance in import and export trade and protect their national interests. In international trade, they have turned from tariff barriers to seats in Yubao’s sports in China. Research and analysis of the development strategy of the product industry. Technical barriers for the first period (technical standards, environmental protection standards, safety and health regulations, etc.) As a whole, we have a large gap between the development of standards and the use of benevolence and the developed countries in the world. Standard lags are also bothering our country. Another factor in the development of the sporting goods industry.
Industrial Structure Irrational Product structure is a form of industrial structure. The rationalization of industrial structure is achieved through the adjustment of product structure.
From the perspective of the product structure of China's import and export of sporting goods, the export of about 100 million U.S. dollars is mainly concentrated in two areas: first, sports shoes, sportswear, and sports gloves, accounting for nearly US dollars, of which sports shoes account for the largest share, reaching 100 million U.S. dollars. The other two items are about US$100 million each, followed by sports equipment and auxiliary equipment. The specific items include more than US$100 million for gymnastics equipment, more than US$100 million for swimming pools and auxiliary facilities, more than US$100 for fitness equipment, and more than 100 million for fishing and hunting gear. The U.S. dollar has more than 100 million U.S. dollars worth of fishing rods, billion U.S. dollars for golf balls and equipment, more than 100 million U.S. dollars for strokes, 700,000 U.S. dollars for all kinds of chess, and 10,000 U.S. dollars for poker.
As well as steamboat rowing boats, table tennis equipment, surfboard skates and ice skates billiards equipment and accessories, foot basket volleyball and bowling equipment.
Last year, China imported more than 100 million U.S. dollars worth of sporting goods. It mainly focused on the training and competition equipment of national and provincial professional team players for more than tens of thousands of U.S. dollars, including bicycle racing archery games, guns, and bullet diving boards. Golf equipment for the United States dollar, fishing equipment and hunting supplies accounted for tens of thousands of dollars for the rest of leather and plastic sports boots million US dollars, sports gloves million US dollars, ski wear swimming suits and other sportswear million US dollars currently China's sporting goods industry sub-industry development is not Balanced, the sports footwear industry has reached the world advanced level, we have the ability to produce products with world-renowned brands. Sportswear is currently at a moderate level due to fabric production machinery design and other reasons, the general sports equipment and public fitness equipment are lagging behind The worst is the sports equipment and sports equipment.
Many areas are still blank.
From the perspective of the domestic market, there are many middle- and low-end products, and there are fewer products for self-developed imitation products, and there are fewer high-end competitive competition products. Non-standard products, non-standard products, and alternative products, many multi-standard products, and stereotyped product products are less.
The sporting goods market is dominated by mid- to low-end products, and only full-time students (excluding the sportswear-style school uniforms purchased annually by private schools at the large, middle, and small-sized schools, etc., are mostly purchased in Fujian Shishi Zhejiang Haining Guangdong Fan.禹 Middle and low-end products produced by small and medium-sized enterprises located in the school.
The sports equipment purchased every semester is mostly some gymnastic track and field equipment, table tennis and badminton, two balls produced by Fuzhou, Hebei, Zhuozhou, Zhejiang, and Taizhou, Zhejiang. People are engaged in the promotion of sports equipment throughout the country.
Institutions, schools and gymnasiums with better conditions, including home-purchased fitness equipment, are mostly British Paismatics, Regent Greenpecker and others.
The general sportswear sportswear sportswear purchased is mostly Li Ning Kang Weiterui comfort Lang, sports shoes are mostly Li Ning Hongwei double star and other basket row soccer are mostly train Jinbei brand and other table tennis badminton tennis is more brand .
Leather Nylon sports shoes, mostly for Li Ning Conway Double Star Buick and other fabric-based sports shoes are mostly back to the double-star leap, etc. are all domestic products.
And some high-end products, sportswear sports shoes have been occupied by other foreign products.
Some competitive equipment and equipment used in sports research and development, such as bowling equipment, fishing and hunting supplies, etc. rely on imports. The export volume of bicycles in China is the largest in the world, but the bikes that can be used for competition need to be imported from all over the country.) The bowling lanes are imported. In just two years, Brunswick and two US companies have earned US$100 million from China. Due to changes in China’s industrial structure, the level of urban-rural income gap has expanded to 9 years. The Engel coefficient of the rural residents has remained high for many years. The consumption of urban sporting goods is showing a trend of diversification and high-grade. However, the demand in the rural market is not very strong. Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics show that the total national sports consumption in the year is RMB 0 million, among which the total population The city reaches Yichuanchuan.
As the backbone of the sporting goods consumer market, rural residents and urban residents with low and middle incomes have very low spending power, resulting in excess production of low-end products for domestic sporting goods, insufficient capacity for the development of middle-to-high-end products, unreasonable product structure, and insufficient effective supply. The needs of consumers at multiple levels are diversified.
China's accession to the WTO brings opportunities and challenges to the development of the sporting goods industry in China. The accession to the WTO brings opportunities for the development of the sporting goods industry in China. Various sub-sectors of the sports goods industry, such as sportswear and shoemaking, are mostly labor-intensive industries.
China has the advantage of human resources, and labor costs are low. Although only Hong Kong and the United States of America, the quota for export of apparel products has been completely cancelled until the end of the year, all quotas for the US market will be cancelled until the end of the year, but some quotas will be cancelled every year.
After the WTO, we can conduct international trade with the countries and regions of the WTO members under the principle of multilateral stability and unconditional MFN treatment. We can enjoy the benefits of tariff concessions and non-tariff concessions from other countries and regions, cancel export quotas and permits. Certificates, etc., will not suffer discriminatory trade treatment, which undoubtedly plays an important role in expanding the export of sporting goods products and promoting the development of China's sporting goods industry, especially in the capacity of developing countries, making full use of the general preferential system, implementing special And differential treatment is conducive to opening up foreign markets, expanding sales channels, and expanding the world. China's rules and policies that are in line with the rules have been gradually improved. Foreign investors invest in everything according to national treatment. The improvement of the investment environment and the establishment of a safeguard mechanism are beneficial to Attract foreign investment.
The entry of foreign companies will bring advanced management concepts and management experience supervision system as well as new operating system, the introduction of advanced production technology and management technology, and promote industrial restructuring.
It is also conducive to expanding the marketing network, expanding product sales channels, and expanding product sales.
At the same time, after entering the WTO, the reduction of import tariffs is conducive to the introduction of advanced technology and equipment, and the acceleration of technological transformation of enterprises. It is conducive to the import of high-grade raw materials and high-grade garment fabric leather to improve product quality, improve product quality, adjust product structure, and at the same time reduce costs. , improve product competitiveness and expand exports.
China's only high-end fabrics for garments need US$170 billion, including high-performing and breathable fabrics that produce high-end sportswear.
After China’s accession to the WTO has brought challenges to the development of China’s sportswear industry, China’s government has made a commitment that the tariffs on sports goods will be brought in line with the international tariffs, and the tariffs will be reduced from the average to about the same time. Most existing non-tariff barriers such as certificates will cause more foreign products to flood into the domestic market, and will have some impact on some sub-sectors and different fields of sporting goods.
Such as competitions, supplies, games, guns, and bullets, bicycles, rowing boards, and other high-end entertainment products, sports science, monthly golf equipment, bowling equipment, fishing, hunting supplies, high-end sportswear, sports shoes, and sports research equipment and other technology-intensive high-end products. Due to our research and development capabilities, technical equipment, and other reasons, there is a big gap between the domestic brand quality effect cost and scale benefit of the production technology product quality of these products, and the domestic market will be greatly impacted.
Before the world passed, our country usually required that the rate of return of products from foreign-funded enterprises be one-person. The Uruguay Round Agreement stipulates that no restrictions shall be imposed on the sales of foreign-funded enterprises. China will cancel this provision, and in addition, the General Agreement on Trade in Services will gradually Open commercial service market.
The "Foreign-Invested Commercial Pilot Measures" approved by the State Council has permitted the establishment of Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative commercial enterprises in some pilot cities, which will inevitably increase the import and sales of foreign sporting goods, and will have even greater impact on the country's market and products.
Measures Taken by China's Sporting Goods Industry to Deepen the Reform of Enterprise System.
To reform the state-owned collective enterprises in the modern enterprise system, in accordance with the laws of market economy, with property rights as a link, and to improve the operating efficiency of enterprises as the core, through the restructuring and mergers and leasing joint ventures and joint-stock reforms, the establishment of clear ownership of rights and responsibilities clear government and enterprise management Modern enterprise system, perfect corporate governance structure, rationalize the rights and obligations of the investor operator, and enhance the vitality of the enterprise.
Through institutional innovation, industry monopolies can be broken down to reduce industry barriers, create a good competitive environment for the industry, and improve the competitiveness of sporting goods companies.
Promote division of labor among industries and regions.
Organize and coordinate enterprise scientific research institutes sports and other relevant departments, jointly tackle research, research and develop a number of new products, promote technological advancement of enterprises, improve their own R & D capabilities, create branded products with independent property rights, improve the competitiveness of enterprises, not only It is only related to the development of the sporting goods industry, but also related to the development of sports in our country, so that we are not restricted by the people in competitive sports equipment.
Open up domestic and international markets.
Improve the level of market operations, improve the company's market development and marketing capabilities, improve the product line structure to control total product volume, reduce the production of low-grade products, ease the pressure on the market and raw materials, develop varieties of medium-to-high-end products, promote the upgrading of products, and adjust products Structure, increase effective supply, occupy the domestic market.
China is a big country with a population of 100 million. There are billions of potential farmers in the potential market for sporting goods. We should give full play to the advantages of the domestic market, extend and expand the domestic market into the international market, and change the market from technology to technology. Turn to the market for the market.
We will develop more deeply-processed products that use more labor, give full play to the advantages of labor costs, increase the added value of products, and open up the international market.
Establish and improve quality assurance system.
Strengthen corporate standards, actively adopt international standards and foreign advanced standards, implement dynamic standardization and comprehensive standardization, continuously improve the standardization level of enterprises, make corporate standards higher than national and industry standards, do quality certification work, and promote enterprises to improve quality management standards. Eliminating technical barriers to international trade, protecting their own interests and enhancing their competitiveness in the international market.
Promote industrial structure optimization and industrial upgrading.
In key sub-sectors of sporting goods, support for key enterprises and key products, through the integration of assets and brands, develop large enterprises and enterprise groups with independent intellectual property rights leading products, increase production concentration and economies of scale, and form joint forces with foreign companies. Businesses compete.
Establish a corporate R&D center to promote scientific and technological progress and technological innovation.
Some sporting goods, especially sports competitions, such as racing gliders, sailing boats, leather garments, fiberglass poles, etc., are high-tech products. We should use high technology to transform traditional sports products and promote the industrialization of high-tech in the field of sporting goods. The technical content and grade of the product.
Support small and medium star enterprises.
The number of small and medium-sized enterprises in Western developed countries accounts for more than 9 and they all play an important role in the export value of GNP sales. Sub-sectors of sporting goods, especially small and medium-sized enterprises such as sportswear sports shoes, semi-automatic mechanization and some Manual operation still occupies a certain proportion. In this level of production technology structure, SMEs have strong flexibility and operating flexibility. They are suitable for small-batch and multi-variety production and management methods, as well as market demands for sports product specifications and styles. Change has a strong ability to adapt.
Supporting a group of star enterprises, in the aspect of foreign trade operation right financing loans, etc., relaxing the examination and approval conditions and giving support to improve the technical and market development capabilities of SMEs, is conducive to the development of small and medium sporting goods companies and the growth of the entire industry.
The sporting goods industry is a hybrid industry. It spans light industry, textiles, chemical weapons, and other industrial fields. The scale and status quo of industrial properties of different sub-industries vary depending on the factors of production.
For example, the sportswear sports shoes industry has a relatively large scale and is a labor-intensive industry. It has strong competitiveness and sports equipment is smaller and more complex. The ball making industry is a labor-intensive industry, and it has a strong competitive edge. Rowing racing glider bowling Such as manufacturing is a technology-intensive industry, the competitiveness is weak.
Faced with the situation and challenges faced by the entire industry after the passage of the world, Shenren analyzes the status quo of China's sporting goods industry, discusses its development prospects and countermeasures, and is of great significance to the development of the sporting goods industry in China.
The status quo of the sporting goods industry in China and the current situation of the industry with big problems but not strong The annual survey of the world sporting goods industry commissioned by the World Federation of Sporting Goods has revealed that China is a reliable base for the world's sporting goods manufacturers, and it is truly a world sport. China supplies a large number of manufacturing countries already have more than the share of the production of sporting goods However, the world's largest manufacturer of sporting goods, but it is not a strong country.
According to customs statistics, China's sporting goods export volume was 45.
Billions of U.S. dollars, billion U.S. dollars, annual growth rate of more than seven billion U.S. dollars per year.
Despite the rapid growth in exports, about 50 genera are processed, which are general trades. Exports to domestic brands are extremely rare. The export dependence of products is very high. For a long time, the products we export are sports shoes, sportswear, etc. The main products of popularization are the most sophisticated products with high technology content. The average export price is less than one-tenth of the world's famous brands, and only a few processing fees are earned. Take sports shoes for example. Profitable dollars cost US dollars for Taiwan's fitness equipment, foreign market sales are priced at US dollars, and we can only charge US dollar processing fees far below commercial profits.
Although China's sporting goods industry has a long history of development, the real development and growth are still after the reform and opening up.
In the 1980s, developed countries and regions in the world adjusted the multi-layered global industrial structure of the sporting goods industry due to labor energy, environmental protection and other issues, and shifted some labor-intensive industries outward. A large number of Sino-foreign joint ventures and private enterprises were wholly foreign-owned. Enterprises have settled in the coastal areas of Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other provinces.
In the new year, only in Taiwan, the date of the manuscript was 2 years old. The author's brief introduction Xie Yubao, a male, Wuhu, Anhui, associate professor, mainly engaged in the study of sports theory. The sports science moon zone set up factories on the mainland.
These enterprises have injected vitality into the management of capital materials and equipment for the development of China's sports industry.
However, we mainly accept mid- and low-end products such as sportswear, shoe-making, and ball fitness equipment. Most of them are processing-oriented SMEs, with a large number of companies and small scale.
For example, in Pengshi Village of Shishi, Fujian, there are more than 0 small and medium-sized enterprises producing various kinds of sportswear. The enterprises producing sports shoes in Jinjiang, Fujian Province, have reached an annual output value of approximately 3 billion yuan.
Some large-scale state-owned enterprises, such as the Shanghai Double Happiness Group, are old state-owned enterprises, with heavy internal burdens, aging management, outdated ideas, weak market awareness, and corporate profits have been sluggish. Labor productivity is low, and the quality of the product is low in technical content. It does not exert its scale efficiency.
We can only rely on low labor costs and have certain advantages in the middle of product production. We are at a disadvantage in product R&D marketing and there is a big gap between them.
In the environment of global economic integration, the profit of intermediate links in production is the lowest, and profits are mainly concentrated in R&D marketing.
The multi-headed chaotic market sports goods have many types of miscellaneous items, ranging from car sailing, to small-scale needle firing, and only to light industry industries such as food and beverage leather feathers, daily-use machinery and sports goods, etc. There is China Association of Culture, Sports and Sports Products, Sports Equipment, China Knitting Industry Association (Sports Clothing, Protective Equipment, etc. China Leather Industry Association, various kinds of ball and other China Shoes Industry Association (sports shoes and other China Rubber Industry Association (soled rubber shoes and other Chinese Bicycle Association. Mountain road bicycles and other Chinese watch associations stopwatch and other Chinese beverage industry associations (sports beverages and automobile weapons and shipbuilding and other industrial associations.
These trade associations have their leading products under management. For their leading products, sportswear accounts for a relatively small proportion and their emphasis is also limited.
All industries have a certain degree of difficulty in the management of sporting goods, because the consumers of sporting goods are mainly engaged in sports, and ultimately they must be used in sports practice. Sports have special requirements for their products, especially for competitive competitions. The sporting goods have their own special standards and strict regulations, and some regulations are constantly changing along with the development of sporting events and the revision of rules, and it is difficult for other industries to grasp and adapt to such changes in a timely manner.
The State Council stipulates in the notice issued by the National Sports Commission that it has published the functions, internal organs and staffing plans of the State Sports Commission. The State General Administration of Sport shall study and formulate policies and regulations for sports economy and business activities, and the centralized management of the sports market shall be the sporting goods industry standard (industry standard code). ) The individual sports associations of the centralized management department must identify the equipment they use for competition before they can be formally used in the competition.
The regulations and policies formulated by the General Administration of Sports and various special sports associations and the revision of sports rules directly affect the production and sales of sporting goods.
The ping-pong ball has been changed to a big ball, and the national fitness track has been promoted nationwide.
The former State Sports Commission established the Sports Equipment Approval Committee to promulgate and implement the “Sports Equipment and Equipment Verification Regulations. Following the establishment of the National Sports Commission’s Quality Equipment Testing Center, the National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center officially authorized the establishment of the National Sports Goods Quality Supervision and Inspection Center. The quality supervision and management of sporting goods, but at the same time, according to the actual situation in China, the State Administration of Light Industry Bureau supplies quality supervision and inspection center as a professional quality supervision and management agency, responsible for the quality supervision and management of light industry articles and sports goods.
However, in addition to national standards, China’s current sporting goods standards, in addition to the national standards, are the standards for the light industry (led by the former State Sports Commission, the Chinese Knitwear Industry Association, and the China Knitting Industry Association, etc. The Ministry approved the establishment of the China Sporting Goods Federation, and joined the World Federation of Sporting Goods on the occasion of the year, month, and day. It implemented the industry management for various sub-sectors of sporting goods, formulated industry development plans, and formulated rules and regulations to coordinate the relations between enterprises and domestic In terms of international exchanges and cooperation, China Sporting Goods Federation needs to do a lot of work.
China's current sporting goods market is still not mature enough, the market order is relatively chaotic, the market operation is not standardized, the local protection against unfair competition is serious, a large number of counterfeit and shoddy products flood the market, the market is in disorderly competition, the competition is fierce, and the export is competing against prices. exist.
The sportswear produced by Fujian Shishi includes the team uniforms of well-known sports teams at home and abroad. The sports shoes produced by Jinjiang include non-standard non-standard equipment produced in various famous brands such as Hebei Zhangzhou and Jiangsu Taizhou, which are sold throughout the country.
Casually visiting domestic high schools, open-air parallel bars, there is at least one basic size is different from all over the country produced counterfeit trains basket full three balls, not less than Shanghai United Ball Corporation and Shanghai International Ball Factory production.
Purifying the market, cracking down on counterfeit and shoddy goods, and establishing a reasonable and orderly market for sporting goods are still a long way off in our country.
Low level of product standardization Standardization is the basis of modern production technology, an important part of modern management, a condition for improving product quality, promoting technological progress, and improving economic efficiency. It is a means of promoting international economic and technological exchanges.
At present, China has a low degree of standardization of sporting goods. There are only one national standard (national mandatory standards or national recommended standards). Industry-standard light industry compulsory standards or light industry recommendations are mostly accompanied by so-called age standards. low.
Of the more than 60 types of sports equipment and equipment produced, only 29 were approved by international sports organizations for use in official competitions. Among the kinds of equipment used in the annual World Gymnastics Championships, domestic equipment is only available. Current foreign enterprise standards are higher than industry standards. National standards, and China happens to be inverted, the national standard is higher than the industry standard enterprise standards.
Relying on standards to improve product market competitiveness has become an important means of international trade.
With the widespread use of new technologies and materials in the production of sporting goods, changes in the rules of sports have become more frequent and the standards for sporting goods have been updated more quickly. Some countries have taken into consideration the interests of their own countries and are based on the Uruguay Round’s basic principle concerning trade in goods. With the gradual removal of tariff barriers and the gradual cancellation of non-tariff barriers such as product quota licenses, various countries have tried to resolve the imbalance in import and export trade and protect their national interests. In international trade, they have turned from tariff barriers to seats in Yubao’s sports in China. Research and analysis of the development strategy of the product industry. Technical barriers for the first period (technical standards, environmental protection standards, safety and health regulations, etc.) As a whole, we have a large gap between the development of standards and the use of benevolence and the developed countries in the world. Standard lags are also bothering our country. Another factor in the development of the sporting goods industry.
Industrial Structure Irrational Product structure is a form of industrial structure. The rationalization of industrial structure is achieved through the adjustment of product structure.
From the perspective of the product structure of China's import and export of sporting goods, the export of about 100 million U.S. dollars is mainly concentrated in two areas: first, sports shoes, sportswear, and sports gloves, accounting for nearly US dollars, of which sports shoes account for the largest share, reaching 100 million U.S. dollars. The other two items are about US$100 million each, followed by sports equipment and auxiliary equipment. The specific items include more than US$100 million for gymnastics equipment, more than US$100 million for swimming pools and auxiliary facilities, more than US$100 for fitness equipment, and more than 100 million for fishing and hunting gear. The U.S. dollar has more than 100 million U.S. dollars worth of fishing rods, billion U.S. dollars for golf balls and equipment, more than 100 million U.S. dollars for strokes, 700,000 U.S. dollars for all kinds of chess, and 10,000 U.S. dollars for poker.
As well as steamboat rowing boats, table tennis equipment, surfboard skates and ice skates billiards equipment and accessories, foot basket volleyball and bowling equipment.
Last year, China imported more than 100 million U.S. dollars worth of sporting goods. It mainly focused on the training and competition equipment of national and provincial professional team players for more than tens of thousands of U.S. dollars, including bicycle racing archery games, guns, and bullet diving boards. Golf equipment for the United States dollar, fishing equipment and hunting supplies accounted for tens of thousands of dollars for the rest of leather and plastic sports boots million US dollars, sports gloves million US dollars, ski wear swimming suits and other sportswear million US dollars currently China's sporting goods industry sub-industry development is not Balanced, the sports footwear industry has reached the world advanced level, we have the ability to produce products with world-renowned brands. Sportswear is currently at a moderate level due to fabric production machinery design and other reasons, the general sports equipment and public fitness equipment are lagging behind The worst is the sports equipment and sports equipment.
Many areas are still blank.
From the perspective of the domestic market, there are many middle- and low-end products, and there are fewer products for self-developed imitation products, and there are fewer high-end competitive competition products. Non-standard products, non-standard products, and alternative products, many multi-standard products, and stereotyped product products are less.
The sporting goods market is dominated by mid- to low-end products, and only full-time students (excluding the sportswear-style school uniforms purchased annually by private schools at the large, middle, and small-sized schools, etc., are mostly purchased in Fujian Shishi Zhejiang Haining Guangdong Fan.禹 Middle and low-end products produced by small and medium-sized enterprises located in the school.
The sports equipment purchased every semester is mostly some gymnastic track and field equipment, table tennis and badminton, two balls produced by Fuzhou, Hebei, Zhuozhou, Zhejiang, and Taizhou, Zhejiang. People are engaged in the promotion of sports equipment throughout the country.
Institutions, schools and gymnasiums with better conditions, including home-purchased fitness equipment, are mostly British Paismatics, Regent Greenpecker and others.
The general sportswear sportswear sportswear purchased is mostly Li Ning Kang Weiterui comfort Lang, sports shoes are mostly Li Ning Hongwei double star and other basket row soccer are mostly train Jinbei brand and other table tennis badminton tennis is more brand .
Leather Nylon sports shoes, mostly for Li Ning Conway Double Star Buick and other fabric-based sports shoes are mostly back to the double-star leap, etc. are all domestic products.
And some high-end products, sportswear sports shoes have been occupied by other foreign products.
Some competitive equipment and equipment used in sports research and development, such as bowling equipment, fishing and hunting supplies, etc. rely on imports. The export volume of bicycles in China is the largest in the world, but the bikes that can be used for competition need to be imported from all over the country.) The bowling lanes are imported. In just two years, Brunswick and two US companies have earned US$100 million from China. Due to changes in China’s industrial structure, the level of urban-rural income gap has expanded to 9 years. The Engel coefficient of the rural residents has remained high for many years. The consumption of urban sporting goods is showing a trend of diversification and high-grade. However, the demand in the rural market is not very strong. Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics show that the total national sports consumption in the year is RMB 0 million, among which the total population The city reaches Yichuanchuan.
As the backbone of the sporting goods consumer market, rural residents and urban residents with low and middle incomes have very low spending power, resulting in excess production of low-end products for domestic sporting goods, insufficient capacity for the development of middle-to-high-end products, unreasonable product structure, and insufficient effective supply. The needs of consumers at multiple levels are diversified.
China's accession to the WTO brings opportunities and challenges to the development of the sporting goods industry in China. The accession to the WTO brings opportunities for the development of the sporting goods industry in China. Various sub-sectors of the sports goods industry, such as sportswear and shoemaking, are mostly labor-intensive industries.
China has the advantage of human resources, and labor costs are low. Although only Hong Kong and the United States of America, the quota for export of apparel products has been completely cancelled until the end of the year, all quotas for the US market will be cancelled until the end of the year, but some quotas will be cancelled every year.
After the WTO, we can conduct international trade with the countries and regions of the WTO members under the principle of multilateral stability and unconditional MFN treatment. We can enjoy the benefits of tariff concessions and non-tariff concessions from other countries and regions, cancel export quotas and permits. Certificates, etc., will not suffer discriminatory trade treatment, which undoubtedly plays an important role in expanding the export of sporting goods products and promoting the development of China's sporting goods industry, especially in the capacity of developing countries, making full use of the general preferential system, implementing special And differential treatment is conducive to opening up foreign markets, expanding sales channels, and expanding the world. China's rules and policies that are in line with the rules have been gradually improved. Foreign investors invest in everything according to national treatment. The improvement of the investment environment and the establishment of a safeguard mechanism are beneficial to Attract foreign investment.
The entry of foreign companies will bring advanced management concepts and management experience supervision system as well as new operating system, the introduction of advanced production technology and management technology, and promote industrial restructuring.
It is also conducive to expanding the marketing network, expanding product sales channels, and expanding product sales.
At the same time, after entering the WTO, the reduction of import tariffs is conducive to the introduction of advanced technology and equipment, and the acceleration of technological transformation of enterprises. It is conducive to the import of high-grade raw materials and high-grade garment fabric leather to improve product quality, improve product quality, adjust product structure, and at the same time reduce costs. , improve product competitiveness and expand exports.
China's only high-end fabrics for garments need US$170 billion, including high-performing and breathable fabrics that produce high-end sportswear.
After China’s accession to the WTO has brought challenges to the development of China’s sportswear industry, China’s government has made a commitment that the tariffs on sports goods will be brought in line with the international tariffs, and the tariffs will be reduced from the average to about the same time. Most existing non-tariff barriers such as certificates will cause more foreign products to flood into the domestic market, and will have some impact on some sub-sectors and different fields of sporting goods.
Such as competitions, supplies, games, guns, and bullets, bicycles, rowing boards, and other high-end entertainment products, sports science, monthly golf equipment, bowling equipment, fishing, hunting supplies, high-end sportswear, sports shoes, and sports research equipment and other technology-intensive high-end products. Due to our research and development capabilities, technical equipment, and other reasons, there is a big gap between the domestic brand quality effect cost and scale benefit of the production technology product quality of these products, and the domestic market will be greatly impacted.
Before the world passed, our country usually required that the rate of return of products from foreign-funded enterprises be one-person. The Uruguay Round Agreement stipulates that no restrictions shall be imposed on the sales of foreign-funded enterprises. China will cancel this provision, and in addition, the General Agreement on Trade in Services will gradually Open commercial service market.
The "Foreign-Invested Commercial Pilot Measures" approved by the State Council has permitted the establishment of Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative commercial enterprises in some pilot cities, which will inevitably increase the import and sales of foreign sporting goods, and will have even greater impact on the country's market and products.
Measures Taken by China's Sporting Goods Industry to Deepen the Reform of Enterprise System.
To reform the state-owned collective enterprises in the modern enterprise system, in accordance with the laws of market economy, with property rights as a link, and to improve the operating efficiency of enterprises as the core, through the restructuring and mergers and leasing joint ventures and joint-stock reforms, the establishment of clear ownership of rights and responsibilities clear government and enterprise management Modern enterprise system, perfect corporate governance structure, rationalize the rights and obligations of the investor operator, and enhance the vitality of the enterprise.
Through institutional innovation, industry monopolies can be broken down to reduce industry barriers, create a good competitive environment for the industry, and improve the competitiveness of sporting goods companies.
Promote division of labor among industries and regions.
Organize and coordinate enterprise scientific research institutes sports and other relevant departments, jointly tackle research, research and develop a number of new products, promote technological advancement of enterprises, improve their own R & D capabilities, create branded products with independent property rights, improve the competitiveness of enterprises, not only It is only related to the development of the sporting goods industry, but also related to the development of sports in our country, so that we are not restricted by the people in competitive sports equipment.
Open up domestic and international markets.
Improve the level of market operations, improve the company's market development and marketing capabilities, improve the product line structure to control total product volume, reduce the production of low-grade products, ease the pressure on the market and raw materials, develop varieties of medium-to-high-end products, promote the upgrading of products, and adjust products Structure, increase effective supply, occupy the domestic market.
China is a big country with a population of 100 million. There are billions of potential farmers in the potential market for sporting goods. We should give full play to the advantages of the domestic market, extend and expand the domestic market into the international market, and change the market from technology to technology. Turn to the market for the market.
We will develop more deeply-processed products that use more labor, give full play to the advantages of labor costs, increase the added value of products, and open up the international market.
Establish and improve quality assurance system.
Strengthen corporate standards, actively adopt international standards and foreign advanced standards, implement dynamic standardization and comprehensive standardization, continuously improve the standardization level of enterprises, make corporate standards higher than national and industry standards, do quality certification work, and promote enterprises to improve quality management standards. Eliminating technical barriers to international trade, protecting their own interests and enhancing their competitiveness in the international market.
Promote industrial structure optimization and industrial upgrading.
In key sub-sectors of sporting goods, support for key enterprises and key products, through the integration of assets and brands, develop large enterprises and enterprise groups with independent intellectual property rights leading products, increase production concentration and economies of scale, and form joint forces with foreign companies. Businesses compete.
Establish a corporate R&D center to promote scientific and technological progress and technological innovation.
Some sporting goods, especially sports competitions, such as racing gliders, sailing boats, leather garments, fiberglass poles, etc., are high-tech products. We should use high technology to transform traditional sports products and promote the industrialization of high-tech in the field of sporting goods. The technical content and grade of the product.
Support small and medium star enterprises.
The number of small and medium-sized enterprises in Western developed countries accounts for more than 9 and they all play an important role in the export value of GNP sales. Sub-sectors of sporting goods, especially small and medium-sized enterprises such as sportswear sports shoes, semi-automatic mechanization and some Manual operation still occupies a certain proportion. In this level of production technology structure, SMEs have strong flexibility and operating flexibility. They are suitable for small-batch and multi-variety production and management methods, as well as market demands for sports product specifications and styles. Change has a strong ability to adapt.
Supporting a group of star enterprises, in the aspect of foreign trade operation right financing loans, etc., relaxing the examination and approval conditions and giving support to improve the technical and market development capabilities of SMEs, is conducive to the development of small and medium sporting goods companies and the growth of the entire industry.
Building blocks
Shantou Chenghai Sweet Baby Toys Firm , https://www.sweetbabytoys.com