I. Ebony
Produced only in Africa, it is a rare species. It is known as a diamond in wood with its color as ink and quality as iron. Its hardness is about five degrees, and the specific gravity is as high as 1:1.8. Its hardness and density are better than horns. Although the skin yellow meat is not known to the Chinese people, it is said that in China, there is a saying of inch gold. And together with rosewood, huanghuali, and ironwood, it is regarded as the best of hardwood by the Chinese. And the rhyme theory that the people usually say, there is a difference between diamond and glass.
In the "Relics Law" promulgated by the Chinese government in 1960, red sandalwood, ebony, such precious wood and its products have long been defined as cultural relics. Therefore, before the reform and opening up, the manufacture of such high-grade wood was restricted. In recent years, museums of such rare woods have been displayed in museums in many major cities across the country. Like the Beijing Red Sandalwood Museum and the Shanghai Museum, there are ebony samples and products on display.
Second, red sandalwood
The color is as deep as paint, and the brown eyes are thin and dense. It is like a cow's hair. It is called a cow's hair. It will produce a horny luster for a long time. Looking at the red sandalwood from some angles, there will be a satin-like glare. The amount of red sandalwood is very heavy, much larger than the similar redwood. The rosewood is stable, not cracked and not warped, easy to engrave, especially easy to micro-carve and slash, and this is difficult to achieve. Therefore, the furniture with a fine weight and heavy weight can be initially judged as a rosewood work. In addition, the red sandalwood has no big material, as the saying goes, "Ten Tan Nine."
wood
The rosewood grows into a large material, and the central part is quasi-hollowed, so the expensive rosewood furniture is also carefully calculated. Go to the Forbidden City to see, the royal red sandalwood case, a one-foot wide core or three puzzles, you can know the rareness of this kind of wood. In addition to carvings, the rosewood furniture also has a light texture to express the material.
Third, yellow pear
Second only to the precious wood of red sandalwood. Huanghua pear is yellow and warm, with light weight and clear texture like flowing water. Its woodiness is extremely stable, no deformation, no cracking, no fear of bending, suitable for making shaped furniture. Such as the three-legged legs of the incense, the curvature is large, non-yellow pears can not. Huanghuali has large timber, four meters long and half a meter wide. Huanghua pear is also suitable for carving. But the extreme of carving to the red sandalwood is impossible. Common hibiscus in huanghuali wood is also flat and not cracked, beautiful and human, commonly known as "ghost face". Due to the large amount of such wood used in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the rapid decline of the huanghuali furniture that we can see today is basically before the Qing Dynasty. The main producing area of ​​Huanghuali furniture is in Suzhou. Its production method is standardized and it is a typical Su home.
Four, chicken wing wood
The real name (溪敕木). It is a kind of waterfowl that looks like a dragonfly. It is more purple, so it is also known as "purple". The wooden texture of the chicken wing wood is similar to the feather of the chicken wings, very beautiful. The chicken wing wood texture is black and yellow, no brown eye lines, smooth and unobstructed by hand. Chicken wings are light and are the lightest among hardwoods. The texture is slightly thicker and less suitable for engraving. Chicken wing wood has new and old points, the real good chicken wing wood is old chicken wing wood, works before the dry long. The Republic of China and the new chicken wings in recent years are black and black, which is a substitute for businessmen to deceive the world. It is far from the old chicken wing wood.
Five, iron force
The color is gray and the texture is rough. Because the wood grain is tough and thick, it is not easy to sculpted. There are many old people in the iron furniture, the lines are thick, the texture is rough, and the light is generally not carved, so as to save trouble. The manufacture of iron furniture is generally far away. It was popular in the Ming Dynasty and there were many ways to do it. Tiemu also has the thickness, the rough wood surface texture is brown, the thin is smooth, and often mistaken for chicken wings.
Six, mahogany
It is the largest of the hardwood furniture. The color of redwood is between huanghuali and red sandalwood. The amount is also between the two. The output is very large. Therefore, hardwood furniture is often referred to as mahogany furniture. Redwood is crispy and sour, and southerners call it a sour branch. The mahogany texture is clear as the flow of water, but also the delicate near the red sandalwood. Therefore, mahogany imitation rosewood, imitation huanghuali has very successful works, often difficult to identify. The mahogany is large, and it is deformed when it is exposed to heat and is often cracked. The age of mahogany furniture was in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, and both Su and Guang did both. Redwood can also adapt to carving, and some people use it to imitate the red sandalwood carving, but it can't be too fine. The details are broken due to the brittleness of the rules. This is also an aspect that distinguishes between red sandalwood and redwood.
Seven, pear
The lowest in hardwood. The manufacture of rosewood furniture is also significantly later than the other wooden furniture above. The wood is coarse, the brown eyes are too large, and the color is yellow and dull. It appeared because the huanghuali wood was cut off and added to the market in the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. The merchants made profits, also known as Laohuali and Caohuali.
Eight, Nanmu
Expensive, the first of the cork. It is difficult to call it firewood. Phoebe is mild, light in body, does not stretch or swell, does not swell, does not crack, the texture is clear and delicate, and there are few scorpions. There are also Nanmu furniture in the court furniture, such as the Nanmu arhat bed, sleeping in the winter, not touching the cold, this advantage is not enough for any hardwood. Jinsi Nanmu furniture welcomes the flash of cash, and it looks good. All the furniture that is often moved (such as the furniture on the ship) is the first choice for the light body, the most valuable.
Nine, elm
It is a unique wood in the southern part of Suzhou. The northerners call it Nanxun. This type of wood is the preferred wood for Suzhou artisans to replace huanghuali. The eucalyptus is large and weighs as much as some hardwoods. It is the heaviest of the wood. The texture is clear, and the effect of huanghuali is far away. The near-looking part resembles chicken wing wood grain, the color is yellow, the wood is hard, and it is extremely smooth after grinding. The disadvantage is that it is easy to deform. The coffin has the same work as the huanghuali, and it cannot be distinguished without being close.
Ten, elm
It is a large-scale furniture material used in the north of the Yangtze River. The eucalyptus has a rough texture and a wide range of materials. The color is lighter than that of eucalyptus, and the hardness is not as good as that of eucalyptus. Elm can also adapt to general engraving, and the decoration is mainly rough. The deformation rate is small, so it is commonly used in northern furniture. The elm has a darker color, which is called purple.
XI, cypress
There are many kinds, with Cork as the top and others second. The color of the cork is warm and the wood is delicate, soothing like a child's skin, making the furniture have a charm. There are many cypress scorpions, which are defects in the early conception, so some cedars are painted to decorate the defects. In recent years, the concept has changed, advocating nature, and cypress furniture is more beautiful with scorpions, and it is rare to be covered with scorpions. The size of the scorpion is different, the layout is free and natural, and it can't be reached by manpower. It is the reason why cypress furniture is highly respected.
Twelve, elm
Because of the smell of strange and fragrant and can be avoided.
Although the production area is in the south, it is also widely used in the north to make furniture. The characteristics of eucalyptus pest control make the eucalyptus furniture mainly store cabinets, boxes, cabinets, etc., and other varieties are relatively rare. The enamel wood is large, and the common large lie box has six sides, the thickness is up to half inch, and the top box wardrobe is also the same. The core core is unique, and the material is not spared. The eucalyptus is stable, less cracked and deformed, the wood grain of the eucalyptus is beautiful, and the color is also changed. It is endowed by merchants with various beautiful names, such as tiger skin, pear, figurines and so on.
Thirteen, beech
The northeastern region and North Korea produce a lot, so some people in the north call it Korean wood. The texture of the eucalyptus is very characteristic, and the light-colored vertical wood grain is sandwiched by dark short ribs resembling insect eggs. The wood is more brittle and hard, and there are more furnitures for tables and chairs. The style is old and the furniture is more stupid than the furniture in the same area. In the south of the Yangtze River, there are also eucalyptus furniture, and the style is also based on ancient pipa, which is rare and dexterous.
Fourteen, walnut
It is a more sophisticated variety of furniture in the northern country. The walnut wood texture is smooth, the wood is delicate, and it can be carved into a very fine pattern. This is generally not a cork. Walnut wood furniture has been found in Shanxi, and many of its workmanship and Ming Dynasty huanghuali furniture have received great attention in the history. Walnut wood is mild, and it has a sense of Nanmu, which is not deformed. It is also a top grade in country furniture.
Fifteen, beech
Belonging to another category. Elm is not a tree name, but it is obtained from the root of a tree or a diseased tumor. The wood used for eucalyptus is called He Muzhen, such as red sandalwood, huanghuali, nanmu, and birch. The coffin is loved by the ancient literati by the morbid beauty. Therefore, the coffin is often used as a decoration or embellishment or for the core of the face. The change of the coffin is varied. There are tiger skins, grape vines, turtles and other names. . The eucalyptus is twisted and cracked due to the texture, and there is less furniture made of whole materials, which is generally only used for decoration.
Other softwoods, such as pine, birch, willow, poplar, fir, etc., as well as unknown wood, occupy a seat in ancient furniture; lacquer furniture is another category, because its craft is very different from ordinary antique furniture, there are also The score of the high field.
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