2.3.1 Single corridor plane The single corridor plane is the most common plane form in the experimental building. It is generally the middle corridor, with labs and research rooms on both sides, as well as single-sided corridors and eccentric corridors. The form is simple, convenient for construction, low in cost, easy to arrange pipes, and is particularly suitable for ordinary laboratories that use natural ventilation and lighting. But when the walkway is too long, traffic noise will have a certain impact. Due to the large number of external walls, it is not suitable for air-conditioning and laboratories with high cleanliness requirements.
2.3.2 Double corridor plane The double corridor plane is based on the single corridor plane, and the depth is increased. The laboratory, research room and special laboratory are arranged on both sides. Its characteristics are beneficial to experimental buildings with large air-conditioning areas, which can save energy and have small indoor temperature fluctuations. At the same time, due to the increased depth of the building, land can be saved, the pipe network in the building is also easy to concentrate, and the traffic of each laboratory is relatively shortened. Its special form is a circular corridor, which is suitable for high-purity laboratories with high cleanliness requirements, and it is also conducive to the evacuation of personnel when an accident occurs.
2.3.3 Unit combination plane The unit combination plane is another layout form adopted to meet the needs of laboratory expansion and to improve the flexibility of the experimental building. It is conducive to the relative concentration of the laboratory and its pipeline network. During the expansion of the experimental building, several units can be added according to actual needs, which can be expanded in one direction or in multiple directions without affecting the complete shape of the building.
2.4 Laboratory space scale The laboratory space scale, also called the modulus of the laboratory, generally refers to the dimensions of the opening, depth, floor height, and corridor of the laboratory. It depends on the scope of activities of the researchers and the requirements for the arrangement of experimental equipment and instruments.
2.4.1 The opening of a laboratory is mainly determined by the necessary space for the laboratory personnel activity space and the reasonable layout of the laboratory equipment engineering network. Foreign countries have their own experience in the laboratory's modulus. For example, the German book "Teaching and Research Architecture" introduces that the laboratory uses three modules: 3.0m, 3.25m and 3.5m. The combination of these three compartment modules is a multiple, which can fully meet the layout of various laboratories. According to the introduction of "Practical Laboratory Design" in the UK, the modulus of the laboratory is 3.05m (10ft). The book "Institute Design" in Japan introduced that it is recommended to use 3.2m as the modulus. They use a unit modulus of 1.6m, such as the width of the test bench, the length of the test bench, the width of the walkway between the test benches, and the width of the pipeline shaft Use 1.6m. The US Department of Agriculture ’s Regional Research Laboratory uses a 3.0m module. The ABBOTT LABORATORIES in the United States adopts 10ft as the modulus and uses twice and three times the modulus to form the laboratory room. To sum up, the opening modules of laboratories around the world are generally between 3.0m, 3.2m, 3.3m and 3.5m.
The opening of the laboratory in China generally adopts three opening modules of 3.0m, 3.3m and 3.6m, the reasons are as follows.
Can meet the normal needs of experimental work. The width of the central experimental platform and the side experimental platform of the chemical, physical, biological laboratory is about 1.2 ~ 1.8m, the width of this type of experimental platform with engineering pipe network is not less than 1.4m, the width of the side experimental platform against the wall It is about 0.6-0.9m, and the width of the wall-side test bench with engineering pipe network is not less than 0.75m, and the distance between the two test benches is 1.2-1.8m. Such open spaces can meet the above needs.
The modular module is closely integrated with industrial production. Considering the interchangeability of structural parts, it is conducive to the mass production of prefabricated components. It is combined with the 6.0m column spacing of multi-storey industrial buildings, and 3.3m modular modules are used in civil buildings Combine numbers.
Combined with the unified standard sash using a scale of multiples of 0.3m.
2.4.2 The depth of the deep laboratory mainly depends on the following five aspects.
1. The length of the test bench required by each experimenter according to the nature of the experiment.
2. The layout of the experimental platform. The island-type experimental rigs of the same length have a greater depth than the peninsula-type experimental rigs.
3. Whether the researcher's office is located at the end of the experiment table.
4. The arrangement of the fume hood, the parallel window arrangement of the fume hood is deeper than the vertical window arrangement.
5. Lighting and ventilation methods.
Based on the above five factors, the depth is generally 6.0 ～ 9.0m. Namely, four depths of 6.0m, 7.0m, 8.0m, and 9.0m can basically meet the requirements of chemical laboratory, biological laboratory and physical laboratory.
2.4.3 Floor height refers to the height from floor surface to floor surface, and net height refers to the distance from floor surface (or ceiling surface) to floor surface. The layer height of the laboratory mainly depends on the type of laboratory. The space occupied by air conditioning system pipes, fume hood pipes in chemical laboratories, etc. has a great influence on the floor height. For general chemical laboratories and biological laboratories, the layer height is recommended to be 3.6 to 3.9m. For radiochemical laboratories, because the fume hood is equipped with filters, the layer height increases accordingly. The net height of the clean laboratory itself is lower than the net height of the general laboratory. This is because the clean laboratory saves air conditioning cooling capacity and uses artificial lighting. The general net height is about 2.5m. The electronic computer room is determined according to the size of the plane space, which is generally between 2.4 and 3.0m. The ground floor needs to be equipped with large-scale instruments and equipment, so the floor height is slightly higher than the floor. The specific height should be determined by the size of the equipment installation and use requirements, the direction of the pipeline and the ceiling layout.
2.4.4 Corridor width The corridor width of the laboratory mainly depends on three aspects: the amount of traffic, the length of the corridor, and the opening method of doors and windows. The corridors of the laboratory are generally divided into the following five categories: single-sided corridor, middle corridor (middle double corridor), maintenance corridor, security corridor and visit corridor, and equipment pipeline corridor. Generally, the traffic volume of the laboratory is small, and the corridor should not be too wide. Otherwise, debris will be piled up by the corridor, which will affect the environmental quality. The width of the corridor is listed in the table below.
Corridor width Corridor type Corridor clear width (m) Corridor type Corridor clear width (m)
One-sided corridor 1.5 Security corridor and visit corridor 1.2
Middle corridor (middle double corridor) 1.8 ～ 2.1 (1.5) Equipment pipeline corridor 2.0 ～ 2.8
Maintenance corridor 1.5 ～ 2.0
In summary, the laboratory spatial scale is summarized in the following table.
Laboratory space scale (m)
Open time 3.0 (medium-medium)
3.0 (medium-medium)
3.0 (medium-medium) advanced 6.0 (medium-medium)
6.6 (medium-medium)
7.2 (medium-medium)
8.4 (medium-medium)
9.0 (medium-medium)
Storey height 3.6
3.9
4.2
Corridor width 2.1 (middle-middle)
2.4 (medium-medium)
The modulus of the laboratory of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention should be 3.5 to 4.0 meters (preferably 3.6 meters). For the experimental building with underground parking, the relationship between the column net and parking should be taken into account at the same time. The depth should be 6.0 to 9.0 meters.
The building height of the laboratory of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention should be 3.7 meters to 4.0 meters; the net height should be 2.7 meters to 2.8 meters; the clean room, pressure gradient, constant temperature and humidity and other special requirements should be 2.5 meters 2.7 meters. When determining the construction height, the height of the technical mezzanine should be enlarged as much as possible.
The net width of the laboratory corridor of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention should be 1.6 to 2.0 meters. The door width of ordinary laboratory should be 1.1 to 1.5 meters (asymmetrical double opening); laboratories with buffer rooms (including sterile rooms, clean laboratories, biosafety laboratories and other complicated laboratory rooms) should be There are concealed equipment doors for the entry and exit of experimental equipment, especially large equipment
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