Gravure printing is a direct printing method. It directly imprints the ink contained in the pits of the gravure onto the substrate. The density of the printed image is determined by the size and depth of the pits. If the pits are deeper , It contains more ink, and the ink layer left on the substrate after stamping is thicker; on the contrary, if the pits are shallow, the amount of ink contained is less, and the ink layer left on the substrate after stamping Is thinner. The gravure printing plate is composed of pits and the surface of the printing plate corresponding to the original graphics. During printing, the ink is filled into the pit, the ink on the surface of the printing plate is scraped off with a squeegee, and the printing plate is in contact with the substrate with a certain pressure to transfer the ink in the pit to the substrate to complete the printing.
1. Features of gravure printing
The ink carrier during gravure printing is a pit engraved on the printing plate, the shape of the pit is exactly the same as the original graphic, and there is no ink on the surface of the printing plate. When the printing plate comes into contact with the substrate, the ink in the pit is transferred to the surface of the substrate to complete the printing process. Therefore, gravure printing has some unique characteristics that are different from other printing methods, which are discussed separately below.
1. Anti-counterfeiting features
Gravure printing is based on the pits engraved according to the original graphics. The thickness of the lines and the density of the ink can be arbitrarily controlled during engraving. It is not easy to be imitated and forged, especially the depth of the ink pits, according to the printed graphics The possibility of realistic carving is very small. Therefore, current paper money, stamps, stocks and other marketable securities are generally printed in gravure, which has a good anti-counterfeiting effect. At present, gravure printing has been used consciously in trademarks and even packaging and decoration of some enterprises, indicating that gravure printing is a more vital anti-counterfeiting printing method.
2. Wide application range
General soft materials can be used as substrates for gravure printing. Such as plastic, paper, aluminum foil, etc., especially for some materials that are easy to extend and deform, such as textile materials, etc., have good adaptability, which is unmatched by letterpress printing and lithographic printing.
3. High printing quality
The amount of ink used in gravure printing is large, the graphic has a convex feeling, and the layers are rich, the lines are clear, and the quality is high. The printing of books, magazines, pictorials, packaging and decoration, etc. mostly uses gravure printing.
4. Suitable for mass printing
The plate making cycle of gravure printing is longer, the efficiency is more expensive and the cost is high. However, the printing plate is durable, so it is suitable for mass printing. The larger the batch, the higher the benefit, and the lower the benefit for printing in smaller batches. Therefore, the gravure method is not suitable for the printing of small batches of trademarks.
2. Types of gravure printing
The types of gravure printing are divided into two types according to the plate making method: engraved gravure and corroded gravure.
1. Engraving gravure
Engraving gravure is to directly engrave pits on the surface of the plate cylinder with a knife to correspond to the original graphic. According to the control method of the knife, it can be divided into manual engraving intaglio, mechanical engraving intaglio and electronic engraving intaglio.
(1) Hand-carved intaglio
The manual engraving gravure is made by technicians using a knife to engrave on the surface of the plate cylinder according to the original graphic. The plate material can be copper plate or steel plate. The manual labor is heavy, the plate-making cost is large, and the cycle is long. However, the hand-engraved intaglio lines are clear and the printed matter has a strong sense of hierarchy, making it difficult to forge. Mostly used to make printed intaglios for securities and high-quality artworks.
(2) Mechanically engraved intaglio
The mechanical engraving gravure is engraved on the surface of the plate cylinder with a mechanical control knife, which reduces the heavy labor of manual engraving, the plate making speed is fast, the cycle is short, and the plate making cost is also low. Mainly used to make printed gravures of securities.
Due to the high cost of the above two engraving and plate making, and the long plate making cycle, the scope of use is limited. But things are divided into two, as far as anti-counterfeiting packaging is concerned, hand engraving intaglio may be the best method of making plates. Because the secret anti-counterfeiting is a main method of anti-counterfeiting packaging, technicians can use various methods to engrave some dark notes in the process of hand-engraving intaglio. The dark notes on these hand-engraved intaglio plates are not easy to be found, and it is more difficult to distinguish them on printed products. , This has formed a secret anti-counterfeiting.
(3) Electronic engraving gravure
This type of plate is engraved on the surface of the plate cylinder by an electronic control device. Using an electronic engraving machine, the engraving knife is controlled according to the photoelectric principle to engrave a net hole on the surface of the drum, and its area and depth change simultaneously.
2. Corrosion gravure
Corroded gravure is made by etching the ink pits on the surface of the printing plate cylinder by chemical etching according to the original graphic. According to the difference between the original image and text conversion methods, the etched gravure can be divided into etched gravure, photogravure and halftone gravure.
Etching gravure is made by a plate-making method that combines engraving and corrosion. That is, the shape of the original graphic is manually engraved by hand, and then the intaglio is produced by the etching method.
Gravure gravure is widely used. It is the most widely used printing plate in gravure printing, mainly used for printing picture plates.
Dot gravure is mainly used for packaging decoration printing and building materials printing.
3. Application of gravure printing technology in anti-counterfeiting packaging
1. The anti-counterfeiting effect of hand-engraved gravure printing is better
Secret anti-counterfeiting is a major aspect of anti-counterfeiting of goods, and this is implemented by trademarks, and hand-engraved gravure printing provides the necessary means for it. Hand-engraved gravure printing is easy to implement the secret anti-counterfeiting during plate making. The depth of the pits during carving determines the level of the light and shade of the printed product. The copyer can easily copy the size of the graphic and the thickness of the line, but it is difficult to copy the light and dark. Prints of the same level (that is, the same deep ink pit). This is the main reason that gravure must be used for securities for a long time.
The less the printing volume, the better the anti-counterfeiting effect. Due to the long cycle and high cost of hand engraving gravure, when the printing volume is small, the price of the printed product is higher. The purpose of counterfeiters is mainly to pursue economic interests. When they are unprofitable or have little interest, they are reluctant to take any risks. Therefore, it can be said that the anti-counterfeiting effect of gravure printing for small batches of trademarks may be better than that for large batches of gravure printing.
2. Plate making and printing are performed in two places
Off-site plate-making and printing have good anti-counterfeiting effect. Printing houses generally have the ability to make plates, but the plate-making work of trademark-using enterprises should choose another unit, because the key to the secret anti-counterfeiting is to know that the fewer people, the better. Even if you know, you should only know a part, not let them know. The whole process of trademark design and printing, so that even if there is a loophole in one link, other links are enough to meet the needs of anti-counterfeiting. When the trademark is printed in the printing house, the enterprise shall send responsible personnel to the site to supervise the printing to prevent the theft of the printing plate and the theft of the trademark. After printing, the printing plate should be recovered and saved.
3. Combine with anti-counterfeiting ink technology
Ink anti-counterfeiting technology is also an aspect of secret anti-counterfeiting. Combining gravure printing technology with ink anti-counterfeiting technology to achieve double-secret anti-counterfeiting, the anti-counterfeiting effect will be better.
Some printing anti-counterfeiting inks have larger pigment particles and require a thicker ink layer, while the gravure printing ink layer is thicker and the texture of the printed product is stronger. The combination of the two will get double anti-counterfeiting and decoration effects.
If fluorescent ink is used for gravure printing, both the micro-protrusion of gravure printing and the requirements for the use of fluorescent ink are guaranteed, and the secret anti-counterfeiting function of both is also guaranteed.
The ink should be prepared by yourself, and then handed over to the printing company for use. After printing, the ink should be recovered and stored, so as to obtain a better anti-counterfeiting effect.
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