The lubricating substance, lubricating oil, is added between the friction surfaces to form a lubricating film to separate the friction surfaces from direct friction to reduce friction and reduce wear. This is called lubrication.
(1) The role of lubrication
1) Use lubricating oil to form an oil film on two relatively moving surfaces to reduce the wear of parts.
2) The flow of lubricating grease can play the role of heat absorption, heat transfer and heat dissipation, reduce the friction temperature between the friction surfaces, so that the parts will not bite each other due to excessive heat expansion.
3) Lubricating oil adheres to the surface of parts, which can protect the surface of parts and prevent rust.
4) The oil film formed by lubricating grease greatly reduces the friction coefficient and can reduce friction resistance and power consumption.
5) Lubricating oil can play a role in reducing vibration.
6) Lubricating oil can be used to rinse and clean the surface of parts. 7) The oil film formed by lubricating oil can disperse the contact stress on the surface of the parts.
8) Lubricating oil can also seal the air, prevent dust from entering, and protect the parts.
(2) Selection of lubricating oil
1) Lubricant requirements: low surface friction coefficient, good adsorption and wedging ability, suitable cohesion (viscosity), high purity and oxidation stability.
2) Selection of lubricating oil
The choice of oil number is generally determined by the two factors of machine speed and load. For relatively moving contact surfaces with high speed and low load, use oil with low viscosity; otherwise, use oil with high viscosity. The domestic equipment belongs to light and medium load, the oil number can be smaller, usually use 30 to 40 engine oil. Imported equipment belongs to medium and heavy load (shoulder iron), the oil number selected should be larger, usually use 60 to 70 oil.
The choice of oil number is not fixed, and needs to be changed according to different working environments. The friction surface with large clearance should use oil with high viscosity, so that the lubricating oil can adhere to form an oil film; and the friction surface with small clearance and the parts filled with oil through the small tubing should use oil with low viscosity to facilitate the wedging and flow of oil. Changes in temperature also affect the choice of oil. For example, high-temperature butter (grease) should be used for long-term high-temperature areas of the book binder, chains, and glue pots.
(3) Lubrication points
1) Change oil regularly. The new machine should be changed thoroughly after 2 to 3 weeks of use, and every 3 months to half a year afterwards. Every time you change the oil, you should thoroughly clean the parts of the oil tank, oil pump, filter, and wall plate. For example, the ZYB oil lubricated air pump should be changed after 300 hours of operation, and every 3,000 hours thereafter.
2) Various filters in the oil circuit should be cleaned regularly. The ultra-fine filters should be replaced with new ones every time. The oil pipes and pressure oil nozzles should be flushed with a high-pressure air gun, so as to ensure the smooth flow of the oil circuit.
3) For oil eyes filled with oil, you can use a special oiling oil pot, generally add more than 50 engine oil.
4) When adding butter (grease), it is advisable to see the new oil and squeeze out the old dirty oil to the friction surface, so as to avoid fine friction debris and dirt in the old oil.
5) Check the brand and quality of oil carefully before refueling. Do not mix oils of different brands. Never use gasoline or kerosene in the engine oil, but also prevent the use of ink blending oil as engine oil.
6) All manual lubrication points on some imported machines have special marks. For example, the red, yellow, blue, and green signs on the Heidelberg machine each indicate daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly lubrication.
7) Domestic machines also use manual refueling signs, such as J2108 and other machines. Filled circles and hollow circles each indicate the addition of No. 50 motor oil once a day and once a week, and filled triangles and hollow triangles each indicate the addition of butter once a week and half a year.
8) Some parts of the machine that use friction transmission or braking cannot be lubricated and must be kept clean. For example, the clutch needs to be refueled, but the brake pads and brake discs must not be refueled; the chain sprocket needs to be refueled, but the transmission belt, pulley and friction wheel must not be refueled.
9) Refuel according to the customary route without leakage. At the same time check the clogging of the oil pipe and oil eye and dredge in time.
10) Common refueling parts are: gears, cams, sprockets, chains, guide rails, clutches, universal joints, opening and closing tooth balls, opening and closing tooth plates, swing rods, swing frames, connecting rods, bearings, etc. The paper delivery teeth, impression roller gripper, delivery roller gripper, and delivery row should be cleaned once a month and lubricated with oil.
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