First, start the plantation project provides for the development of poplar industry in China a golden opportunity <br> <br> Chinese wood and wood products in the world's largest producer, it is also a big consumer country, but it is also per capita forest resources are Less countries. The implementation of the natural forest protection project in 1998 has made the contradiction between timber supply and demand in China more prominent.
According to the 2002 China Timber Market and Industry Research Report, the current domestic demand for wood has reached 340-300 million m3, but in the current situation of over-exploitation in the country, the maximum possible supply of wood is 231 million m3, so the gap is at least For 0.7-100 million m3, it is estimated that by 2005 China's total timber demand will reach 360 million m3, and the timber supply gap will be at least 110 million m3; by 2015, the total demand will reach 420 million m3, and the timber supply gap is at least It is 130 million m3.
According to statistics, in 2001, imported wood and its products (including logs, sawn timber, wood-based panels, pulp) were converted into logs of 77 million m3, and foreign exchange was 5.3 billion US dollars. China has become a major timber importer.
The gap between timber supply and demand and structural contradictions will become more prominent. To resolve this contradiction, if imported timber is subject to both the international market and a large amount of foreign exchange, the burden on the state is too heavy. The first is to increase the development of fast-growing and high-yield forests to increase the supply of reserve resources to meet the needs of wood in all walks of life; the second is to vigorously develop industrial production of wood-based panels. China has abundant raw materials for wood-based panel industry (wood and non-wood) and a market with great potential. The development of wood-based panel production will be an effective way to solve the contradiction between supply and demand of wood in China.
The development of fast-growing and high-yield forests is an important way to solve the supply of timber in China. For this reason, the country has started the construction of forestry industrial bases based on fast-growing and high-yield timber forests in key areas ("fast-growing and high-yield forest project"), and has been officially listed in China's "Ten The five-year development plan has become a key project in the country. This is the only one of the six key forestry projects that belongs to the forestry industry system. The other five projects are all engaged in the ecological construction of China. Only this project is mainly to solve the supply problem of timber and forest products in China. Through the implementation of the project, it is necessary to meet the demand for wood and forest products for national economic and social development, reduce the pressure on the protection of natural forest resources, and promote the construction of five other projects. At the same time, it is a “project of hope†to strengthen and develop forestry strength.
According to the plan, the implementation scope of the project is mainly in the east of the 400 mm and other rainfall lines, the natural conditions are superior, the site conditions are good, the terrain is relatively flat, and it is not easy to cause soil erosion, and the tropical and southern subtropical Guangdong will not adversely affect the ecological environment. The Guiqiongyu area, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the northern subtropical zone, the middle and lower reaches of the temperate Yellow River (including the Huaihe River and Haihe River Basin) and the northeast Inner Mongolia in the cold temperate zone. The project involves 18 provinces and regions, including 886 counties (cities in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Yunnan). , district), 114 forestry bureaus (fields). According to the needs of the market, after 15 years of hard work, it will be divided into two phases, according to three phases, namely, the first phase from 2001 to 2005, the second phase from 2006 to 2015, and the second phase from 2006 to 2010, 2011. From the year to 2015, the third phase will build a batch of fast-growing and high-yield timber forest bases with considerable scale, high-input, high-output, high-intensive operation, enterprise, marketization and commercialization.
Project scale: The total scale of the project construction is 13.33 million hectares (nearly 200 million mu) and 99 construction projects. These include three timber forest bases: a pulpwood base of 5.86 million hectares, 39 construction projects; a man-made board base of 4.97 million hectares, 50 construction projects; a large-diameter grade base of 2.5 million hectares and 10 construction projects. In the total scale of 13.33 million hectares, the newly planted forest will be 6.18 million hectares, and the existing forest will be converted to 7.15 million hectares. It is divided into four key areas, namely, the Yuegui Qionglai area, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Northeast and Inner Mongolia. The construction scale of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is as follows:
The area includes the Yellow River Basin of Henan, Hebei and Shandong Provinces, as well as the Yudong, Yuzhong, Weinan and Luxi areas of the Huaihe River and Haihe River Basin. The construction scale is 1.048 million hectares, accounting for 8% of the total scale. The construction direction is: cultivating the pulp raw material forest mainly composed of triploid Populus tomentosa, Yiyang and Shalanyang; and the wood-based panel raw material forest mainly composed of triploid Populus tomentosa and Paulownia.
According to the average annual growth of 15 m3 per hectare, after the completion of all the bases, the annual growth of forest stand can be 19,958 million m3, with a total output of 132.37 billion m3. Providing 40% of the domestic demand for production materials, coupled with the harvesting and utilization of existing forest resources, has made the domestic supply and demand of timber basically balanced.
According to the national fast-growing and high-yield forest construction plan, the main raw material forests of triploid Populus tomentosa, Yiyang and Shalanyang and the wood-based panel raw materials based on triploid Populus tomentosa and Paulownia are mainly developed in Shandong. It plays an important role in the development of Shandong Speed ​​Forest and brings good opportunities for the industrialization of poplar in Shandong.
Second, the plain green building and green channel also requires a lot of poplar seedlings <br> <br> Shandong Province and neighboring provinces of farmland shelterbelts, creating and building the green channel shelterbelts of poplar mainly based, in particular, carried out nationwide In the construction of green passages, green belts of tens of meters or even hundreds of meters are opened on both sides of the main trunk roads. At present, the green passages used mainly for poplars are poplar varieties. Both aspects require a large amount of poplar seedlings.
According to statistics, the production of greening tree seedlings in Shandong Province was about 2 billion in 2002, including 1.4 billion poplar and willow seedlings, accounting for 70% of the total seedling production. The output of commercial seedlings is about 600 million, accounting for 30% of the total seedlings, of which 200 million are poplar and willow, accounting for 33% of the commercial seedlings. About 1.4 billion breeding materials were produced this year, including 900 million poplar and willow seedlings, accounting for 64%, and 400 million seedlings of other species such as Chinese wolfberry, velvet wax, acacia, paulownia, ginkgo, and cedar. , accounting for 30%. The remaining small trees, shrubs and vine species have fewer seedlings, less than 7%.
Judging from the statistics of the seedling market mentioned above, the current proportion of poplar seedlings is very large, which is basically in line with the current development trend.
Third, the wide use of poplar wood, high demand <br> <br> poplar wood can be processed using multi-level multi-species products, as shown in Table 1-1. Its main uses are wood pulp, veneer and veneer, packaging, furniture and other solid wood utilization as well as particle board, fiberboard and so on.
The pulp of China's paper mills has been imported. With the increase of the scale of paper mills, the supply of pulp will become more tense, and poplar wood can provide a large number of short-cycle papermaking materials. Many papermaking companies in Shandong have started poplar paper. The construction of raw material base forests provides an important opportunity for the development of poplar trees.
Poplar is an important raw material for the production of various wood-based panels. China's wood processing enterprises are developing rapidly. The raw materials of plywood, fiberboard, medium density fiberboard (MDF) and particleboard in Shandong Province are mainly derived from poplar.
At the same time, all the poplar trees can be used, and the log segments of different diameter classes have different uses, such as:
1. Veneer and plywood: Generally, poplar trees with a growth age of 10-15 years are used, and the diameter is up to 30-50 cm.
2, furniture materials: generally use 7-10 years of poplar wood, the diameter of most of 20-30 cm, the original volume of wood is 20-30m3 / hectare;
3, other wood-based panels: 5-6 years old poplar, due to the small, mainly used for particle board, fiberboard, medium density fiberboard and oriented strand board.
It has also been suggested that more than 26 cm of poplar wood is used for the processing and utilization of construction materials, plywood, veneer and sawn timber. The diameter is less than 26 cm dry material and the tip, branch and cutting root are used for fiberboard, particleboard and pulping.
At present, some countries have adopted the diameter of 16-18 cm as the grading standard for wood use, and the diameter of 16-18 cm or more as the raw material for veneer lumber (LVL) and plywood.
Fourth, the poplar harvesting cycle is short, the poplar wood processing and utilization benefits are good, and the planting income is high.
Generally, poplar pulpwood can be harvested in 4 years, and poplar boards can be harvested in 8 years. The wood yield is generally 1.5m3 to 2.5m3 per mu. The market price of poplar wood has risen from every m3300 yuan to 400 yuan in the past. M3400 yuan to 650 yuan. Planting poplar trees is only a large investment when purchasing seedlings at the initial stage, with less investment during the growth period, management and labor saving, and low production costs.
According to the survey, in 2000, Jiangsu Province has cultivated more than 200 million Yiyang plants, with an area of ​​200,000 hectares, a commercial forest volume of 20 million m3, an annual harvest of 4 million m3, and more than 5,000 poplar processing enterprises. 1.4 million m3, sales income of 15 billion yuan, profits and taxes of 780 million yuan. The output value of timber production in each poplar cultivation county has reached 15-30% of the total local agricultural income.
And with the recent adjustment of the agricultural industrial structure in Shandong, the poplar industry has also developed. According to reports, the famous “Tianliang County†in Shandong Province has now become a large forestry county. The newly planted poplars in the grain fields have been formed into pieces. The county’s contracted afforestation has grown to more than 20, some dozens. Mu, some hundreds of acres. Last year, the county has completed afforestation area of ​​more than 30,000 acres, equivalent to the sum of the first five years. There are more than 120 large and small forest products processing and papermaking enterprises in Huantai County, and the demand for wood is large. Only the forest products processing companies of Senmei and Xinghua need 200,000 tons of wood a year. The poplars are all treasures, the main wood pulp paper, and the side branches are all used to produce medium density fiberboard.
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